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Applied Optics

Optical implementation of quadratic associative memory by use of persistent spectral hole-burning media

Olavi Ollikainen

Published Apr 10, 1993• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Optical implementation of a three-dimensional associative-memory tensor with 32 x 32 x 32 weighted interconnections between elements of the input and output vectors in quadratic associative memory is obtained by the use of persistent spectral hole-burning media. The capability of the present optical scheme for correcting errors in the intput image is demonstrated.

DOI
10.1364/ao.32.001943

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The Journal of Physical Chemistry A•Mar 13, 2002•57 citations
Optical implementation of a three-dimensional associative-memory tensor with 32 x 32 x 32 weighted interconnections between elements of the input and output vectors in quadratic associative memory is obtained by the use of persistent spectral hole-burning media. The capability of the present optical scheme for correcting errors in the intput image is demonstrated.
The persistent spectral hole burning property is known to add a fourth dimension to the optical data storage volume. Full advantage of the large capacity of such memories and of the intrinsic parallelism due to their optical nature can be taken in an application such as image storage. In this frame, the read-out operation has to be effected at video rate at least. This is not achieved by currently developed image-addressing methods. The present paper proposes a new procedure to overcome the so far encountered limitations.
The use of holography is attractive for optical data storage due to its poten­tial for implementing page oriented data storage systems. However, multiplexed recording using Bragg selective materials has not provided a large enough stor­age capability to justify the expense of these systems. Persistent spectral hole burning holography allows multiplexed recording using much smaller wavelength separations between the holograms, and hence dramatically increases the storage capacity possible in holographic memory systems [1]. A comparison between the wavelength selectivity obtained for transmission gratings recorded using hole burning in a dye doped polymer film versus Bragg selectivity in a 1 cm thick iron-doped lithium niobate crystal is shown in Fig. (1).
The use of persistent spectral hole burning in optical data storage allows an increase of the storage density up to a factor of 1000 compared to the common spatial matrix of optical bits.1 The information is stored by burning at low temperature a sequence of narrow spectral holes in the inhomogeneously broadened optical transition of optical centers, e.g. dye molecules embedded in an amorphous polymer, with a tunable narrow-bandwidth laser. One bit of information is encoded by the presence or absence of a hole at a given location in frequency space. The information is read by observing the absorption or the fluorescence of the storage material using a laser with tunable frequency. One of the problems of spectral hole burning data storage arises from the fact that for addressing the memory locations the laser frequency has to be changed over a large frequency range with high accuracy and speed.
Persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) in organic molecules doped in a polymer matrix at low temperatures allows optical recording of information in the dimensions of frequency and time, as well as in space and externally applied electric field. We use this special property to demonstrate new types of holograms, which extend conventional spatial-domain optical data storage into the new dimensions. Basic aspects of recording and playback of holograms by persistent spectral hole burning, including relation between frequency- and time-domain response function, is discussed. This paper is elucidating inherent relations between the time- and frequency-domain versions of PSHB holography. We show that by multiplexing holograms in the frequency dimension, we can store a large number (up to 12 000) of image holograms using a single spectral hole burning sample. In the time domain, we show storage and reproduction of ultrashort time-space images on the scale of 10 -12 −10 -13 s. Experiments demonstrating unusual hologram properties, such as causality-related asymmetry of diffraction, inversion of time coordinate, and ultrafast processing, are presented.