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Physical Review Letters

Teleportation of a Vacuum–One-Photon Qubit

Egilberto Lombardi, Fabio Sciarrino, Sandu Popescu, F. De Martini

Published Jan 30, 2002• 210 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the experimental realization of teleporting a one-particle entangled qubit. The qubit is physically implemented by a two-dimensional subspace of states of a mode of the electromagnetic field, specifically, the space spanned by the vacuum and the one-photon state. Our experiment follows the line suggested by Lee and Kim [Phys. Rev. A 63, 012305 (2000)] and Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn [Nature (London) 409, 46 (2001)]. An unprecedented large value of the teleportation "fidelity" has been attained: F = (95.3 +/- 0.6)%.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.88.070402

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We report the experimental realization of teleporting a one-particle entangled qubit. The qubit is physically implemented by a two-dimensional subspace of states of a mode of the electromagnetic field, specifically, the space spanned by the vacuum and the one-photon state. Our experiment follows the line suggested by Lee and Kim [Phys. Rev. A 63, 012305 (2000)] and Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn [Nature (London) 409, 46 (2001)]. An unprecedented large value of the teleportation "fidelity" has been attained: F = (95.3 +/- 0.6)%.
Abstract We report the experimental realization of the “active” quantum teleportation (QST) of a one‐particle entangled qubit. The qubit is physically implemented by a two‐dimensional subspace of states of a mode of the electromagnetic field, specifically, the space spanned by the vacuum and the one photon state. This demonstration completes the original QST protocol and renders it available for actual implementation in quantum computation networks. It is accomplished by implementing a 8 m optical delay line and a single‐photon triggered fast Electro‐Optic Pockels cell. A large value of teleportation “fidelity” was attained: Fa = 90 ∓ 2)%. Furthermore we present a scheme for delayed‐entanglement swapping by applying the same quantum optical method.
We report the experimental realization of the ``active'' quantum teleportation (QST) of a one-particle entangled qubit. This demonstration completes the original QST protocol and renders it available for actual implementation in quantum computation networks. It is accomplished by implementing an 8 m optical delay line and a single-photon triggered fast electro-optic Pockels cell. A large value of teleportation ``fidelity'' was attained: ${F}_{a}=(90\ensuremath{\mp}2)%.$ Our work follows the line recently suggested by H. W. Lee and J. Kim [Phys. Rev. A 63,63,63, 012305 (2000)] and E. Knill, R. Laflamme, and G. Milburn [Nature (London) 409,409,409, 46 (2001)].
We report the experimental demonstration of a quantum teleportation protocol with a semiconductor single photon source. Two qubits, a target and an ancilla, each defined by a single photon occupying two optical modes (dual-rail qubit), were generated independently by the single photon source. Upon measurement of two modes from different qubits and postselection, the state of the two remaining modes was found to reproduce the state of the target qubit. In particular, the coherence between the target qubit modes was transferred to the output modes to a large extent. The observed fidelity is 80%, in agreement with the residual distinguishability between consecutive photons from the source. An improved version of this teleportation scheme using more ancillas is the building block of the recent Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn proposal for efficient linear optics quantum computation.
Quantum teleportation is one of the essential primitives of quantum communication. We suggest that any quantum teleportation scheme can be characterized by its efficiency, i.e. how often it succeeds to teleport, its fidelity, i.e. how well the input state is reproduced at the output, and by its insensitivity to cross talk, i.e. how well it rejects an input state that is not intended to teleport. We discuss these criteria for the two teleportation experiments of independent qubits which have been performed thus far. In the first experiment (1997, Nature, 390, 575) where the qubit states were various different polarization states of photons, the fidelity of teleportation was as high as 0.80 ± 0.05 thus clearly surpassing the limit of 2/3 which can, in principle, be obtained by a direct measurement on the qubit and classical communication. This high fidelity is confirmed in our second experiment (1998, Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, 3891), demonstrating entanglement swapping, that is, realizing the teleportation of a qubit which itself is still entangled to another one. This experiment is the only one to date that demonstrates the teleportation of a genuine unknown quantum state.
Quantum teleportation is one of the essential primitives of quantum communication. We suggest that any quantum teleportation scheme can be characterized by its efficiency, i.e. how often it succeeds to teleport, its fidelity, i.e. how well the input state is reproduced at the output, and by its insensitivity to cross talk, i.e. how well it rejects an input state that is not intended to teleport. We discuss these criteria for the two teleportation experiments of independent qubits which have been performed thus far. In the first experiment (1997, Nature, 390, 575) where the qubit states were various different polarization states of photons, the fidelity of teleportation was as high as 0.80 ± 0.05 thus clearly surpassing the limit of 2/3 which can, in principle, be obtained by a direct measurement on the qubit and classical communication. This high fidelity is confirmed in our second experiment (1998, Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, 3891), demonstrating entanglement swapping, that is, realizing the teleportation of a qubit which itself is still entangled to another one. This experiment is the only one to date that demonstrates the teleportation of a genuine unknown quantum state.