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International Journal of Quantum Chemistry

Alternative approach to the factorization method

J. Morales, G. Arreaga, J. J. Pe�ta, J. L�pez-Bonilla

Published Mar 14, 1992• 10 citations

Abstract

A procedure to obtain the operational solutions of second order differential equations related with Sturm–Liouville problems is presented. The method is based on the commutation relation between the ladder operators themselves, with a certain structure, and the position and momentum operators. Even though the creation and annihilation operators, derived by the proposed approach, factorize as expected the corresponding differential equation, the method does not use, as original premise factoring, the differential relation under consideration. That is, the displayed procedure is quite different, simple, and direct when compared with other procedures such as the factorization method of Infeld and Hull. To illustrate the above, the usefulness of the proposed procedure is shown by finding the ladder operators associated to the quantum numbers n and I for various potential wave functions. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

DOI: 10.1002/qua.560440816

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A procedure to obtain the operational solutions of second order differential equations related with Sturm–Liouville problems is presented. The method is based on the commutation relation between the ladder operators themselves, with a certain structure, and the position and momentum operators. Even though the creation and annihilation operators, derived by the proposed approach, factorize as expected the corresponding differential equation, the method does not use, as original premise factoring, the differential relation under consideration. That is, the displayed procedure is quite different, simple, and direct when compared with other procedures such as the factorization method of Infeld and Hull. To illustrate the above, the usefulness of the proposed procedure is shown by finding the ladder operators associated to the quantum numbers n and I for various potential wave functions. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

We show that to obtain the ladder operators for the non-relativistic quantum 3D Coulomb problem it is enough to solve a simple linear system of first-order differential equations. We first assume the most general form for the operators compatible with problem and after, by applying the basic commutation relations they must comply with, we first deduce and then solve a differential equations system; in this way we find the usual form of the Coulomb radial ladder operators. The computations are explicitly done only for the creation operator since for the annihilation operator they are almost the same.

The theory of self-adjoint ladder operators is outlined, a comparison being made with the more usual type of ladder operator. It is shown how the method applies to the

n

-dimensional orbital angular momentum problem, for which it is found that the ladder operator may be expressed as a linear combination of the components of angular momentum, the expansion coefficients being the elements of a generalized spin algebra. Its relationship to the Infeld-Hull factorization method is discussed, the factorization appearing as part of a more general scheme. The physical significance of the ladder operators is emphasized through their application to the relativistic quantum theory of Dirac.

By mapping the perturbation scheme onto the ladder operator formalism, the field of application of the Schrodinger-Infeld-Hull factorisation method is enlarged. It is shown how, at each order of the perturbation, perturbed ladder operators can be constructed. Thus, without having to calculate explicitly either the excited unperturbed functions or any matrix element, one obtains analytical expressions of the perturbed eigenvalues in terms of the quantum numbers of the factorisable unperturbed problem. A three-terms recurrence relation, valid at any rank of the perturbation, is derived and leads to closed form expressions of the perturbed eigenfunctions. Consequently, a closed form expression of any matrix element on the basis of the perturbed eigenfunctions is easily obtained from the calculation of one unique particular integral.

Abstract The special and recurring role that the simple harmonic oscillator (SHO) plays in quantum mechanics can be attributed both to its physical relevance and its simple solutions. The fact that the ground state solution is the minimum uncertainty wave packet (Section 12.4) and the highly constrained connection between the position-space and momentum-space wavefunctions (P4.23 and Section 9.2.2) also indicates that this problem occupies a special niche. The symmetry between x and p present in the solutions is obviously a reflection of the fact that only for the SHO is the potential energy function quadratic in x. It is often the case in physics where systems with a high degree of symmetry are amenable to solution in a variety of ways, sometimes quite unexpected. In this chapter, we discuss a powerful method of solving the harmonic oscillator problem involving the factorization of the differential equation using differential operators; we then (briefly) discuss extensions and applications of operator methodsÉ to other physical problems.