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ANZIAM Journal

The fractional fourier transform and the wigner distribution

David Mustard

Published Oct 1, 1996• 82 citations

Abstract

Abstract The Wigner distribution and many other members of the Cohen class of generalized phase-space distributions of a signal all share certain translation properties and the property that their two marginal distributions of energy density along the time and along the frequency axes equal the signal power and the spectral energy density. A natural generalization of this last property is shown to be a certain relationship through the Radon transform between the distribution and the signal's fractional Fourier transform. It is shown that the Wigner distribution is now distinguished by being the only member of the Cohen class that has this generalized property as well as a generalized translation property. The inversion theorem for the Wigner distribution is then extended to yield the fractional Fourier transforms.

DOI: 10.1017/s0334270000000606

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Abstract The Wigner distribution and many other members of the Cohen class of generalized phase-space distributions of a signal all share certain translation properties and the property that their two marginal distributions of energy density along the time and along the frequency axes equal the signal power and the spectral energy density. A natural generalization of this last property is shown to be a certain relationship through the Radon transform between the distribution and the signal's fractional Fourier transform. It is shown that the Wigner distribution is now distinguished by being the only member of the Cohen class that has this generalized property as well as a generalized translation property. The inversion theorem for the Wigner distribution is then extended to yield the fractional Fourier transforms.

The Wigner distribution is a milestone of Time–frequency Analysis. In order to cope with its drawbacks while preserving the desirable features that made it so popular, several kinds of modifications have been proposed. This contribution fits into this perspective. We introduce a family of phase-space representations of Wigner type associated with invertible matrices and explore their general properties. As a main result, we provide a characterization for the Cohen’s class [L. Cohen, Generalized phase-space distribution functions, J. Math. Phys. 7 (1996) 781–786; Time–frequency Analysis (Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1995)]. This feature suggests to interpret this family of representations as linear perturbations of the Wigner distribution. We show which of its properties survive under linear perturbations and which ones are truly distinctive of its central role.

Various time-frequency pseudo-density functions used in signal analysis are compared with respect to spread. Among the members of Cohen's class of pseudo-density functions satisfying the finite support property as well as Moyal's formula, the Wigner distribution is the most well-behaved one in the sense that it has the least amount of global spread around its center of gravity. The Wigner distribution does not perform significantly better globally than the real part of Rihaczek's function; it does, though, if the global criterion is replaced by a local one, especially for signals f of the form f(t) equals a(t)exp(2 pi i phi (t)) where phi is a smooth real-valued function and a is a slowly varying positive function. A general principle is formulated according to which the various pseudo-density functions of f should be concentrated around the curve (t, phi prime (t)). A more detailed qualitative analysis of the behavior of the Wigner distribution of f around this curve is included.

Cohen's (see Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1995) class of time-frequency distributions for continuous signals has been to extended to discrete signals using both an axiomatic approach and an operator theory approach. We investigate the formulation of several classical time-frequency distributions (Wigner, Rihaczek, Margenau-Hill, Page, Levin, Born-Jordan, spectrogram) in the discrete Cohen's classes. The main result of this paper concludes that there does not exist a formulation of the Wigner distribution in all of the discrete Cohen's classes.