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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Simultaneous teleportation of the spectral and polarization states of a photon

Travis S. Humble, Ryan S. Bennink, Warren P. Grice

Published May 1, 2008• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We describe how spectrally multimode, polarization-entangled photons simultaneously teleport quantum information encoded into the spectral and polarization degrees of freedom of a single photon using sum frequency generation to implement a Bell-state measurement.
DOI
10.1109/cleo.2008.4552131

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Recent demonstrations of teleportation have transferred quantum information encoded into either polarization or field-quadrature degrees of freedom (DOFs), but an outstanding question is how to simultaneously teleport quantum information encoded into multiple DOFs. We describe how the transverse-spatial, spectral and polarization states of a single photon can be simultaneously teleported using a pair of multimode, polarization-entangled photons derived from spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Furthermore, when the initial photon pair is maximally entangled in the spatial, spectral, and polarization DOFs then the photon’s full quantum state can be reliably teleported using a Bell-state measurement based on sum-frequency generation.
We report how quantum information encoded into multiple photonic degrees of freedom may be simultaneously teleported using a single, common physical process. The application of teleportation to the complete quantum state of a photon, i.e. the spectral, spatial, and polarization component states, permits the full photonic Hilbert space to be used for encoding information while simultaneously enabling subspaces to be addressed individually, e.g. for quantum information processing. We analyze the feasibility of teleporting the full quantum state through numerical analysis of the fidelity under nominal experimental conditions and for different types of input states, e.g. single-photon states that are separable or entangled in the physical degrees of freedom.
We report how quantum information encoded into the spectral degree of freedom of a single-photon state may be teleported using a finite spectrally entangled biphoton state. We further demonstrate how the bandwidth of the teleported wave form can be controllably and coherently dilated using a spread-spectral variant of teleportation. We calculate analytical expressions for the fidelities of spectral and spread-spectral teleportation when complex-valued Gaussian states are transferred using a proposed experimental approach. Finally, we discuss the utility of these techniques for integrating broad-bandwidth photonic qubits with narrow-bandwidth receivers in quantum communication systems.
Photonic quantum technologies rely on the deterministic preparation of quantum states encoded in single-photons degrees of freedom. While polarisation, orbital angular momentum and path have been routinely used since the early days of photonic quantum information, the last few years have seen an increasing interest in the frequency-time encoding [1, 2]. Indeed, the possibility of generating high-dimensional states, together with the compatibility of frequency modes and standard optical components, makes the spectral degree of freedom suitable for enhancing the efficiency of quantum protocols, spanning from quantum communication to optical quantum computation.
Quantum networking protocols, including quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping, use linear-optical Bell state measurements for heralding the distribution and transfer of quantum information. However, a linear-optical Bell state measurement requires identical photons and is susceptible to errors caused by multiphoton emission, fundamentally limiting the efficiency and fidelity of quantum networking protocols. Here we show a nonlinear Bell state analyzer for time-bin encoded photons based on a nanophotonic cavity with a sum-frequency generation efficiency of 4×10^{-5} to filter multiphoton emissions, and utilize it for faithful quantum teleportation involving spectrally distinct photons with fidelities ≥94% down to the single-photon level. Our result demonstrates that nonlinear-optical entangling operations, empowered by our efficient nanophotonics platform, can realize faithful quantum information protocols without requiring identical photons and without the fundamental limit on the fidelity of a Bell state measurement imposed by linear optics, which facilitates the realization of practical quantum networks.