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Final Report

Coherence phenomena in interaction and radiation processes

E. Wolf

Published Dec 1, 1974• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The research was chiefly concerned with coherence effects in electromagnetic fields. Both free fields and fields interacting with matter were considered. Master equation techniques were applied to problems involving spontaneous emission. Fluctuation-dissipation theorems for systems in non-thermal equilibrium were derived and applied to the study of the laser threshold region. The exact mode expansion was derived for the electromagnetic field in a spatially dispersive model dielectric forming a plane parallel slab and was applied to the problem of refraction and reflection on a spatially dispersive half-space. A new derivation was obtained of the multipole expansion of an electromagnetic field generated by a localized monochromatic charge-current distribution. New representation for the multipole moments was also found.

Related papers

Coherence and Quantum Optics V: Proceedings of the Fifth Rochester Conference on Coherence and Quantum Optics held at the University of Rochester, June 13–15, 1983

Joseph H. Eberly, L. Mandeļ, E. Wolf

W1 Resonant Pulse Propagation I.- W1-1 Some Nonlinear Properties of Pulse Propagation.- W1-2 Self-Induced Transparency in the Broadline and Narrowline Limits and Applications.- W1-3 Observation of Zero-Degree Pulse Propagation in a Resonant Medium.- W1-4 Higher Conservation Laws and Coherent Pulse Propagation.- W2 Quantum Electrodynamics and Alternative Theories I.- W2-1 Survey of the Present Status of Neoclassical Radiation Theory.- W2-2 A Test of Jaynes' Neoclassical Theory: Incoherent Resonance Fluorescence from a Coherently Excited State.- W2-3 Experimental Limitations to the Validity of Semiclassical Radiation Theories.- W2-4 Time Delay Statistics of Photoelectric Emissions: An Experimental Test of Classical Radiation Theory.- W3 Coherence Effects in Spontaneous Emission I.- W3-1 Non-Linear Radiation Reaction.- W3-2 Master Equations in the Theory of Incoherent and Coherent Spontaneous Emission.- W3-3 Influence of Resonant Frequency Shifts on Superradiant Damping.- W3-4 Spontaneous Emission Rate in the Presence of a Mirror.- W4 Coherence I.- W4-1 Atomic Coherent States in Quantum Optics.- W4-2 Coherent States in Modern Physics.- W4-3 Debye Representation and Multipole Expansion of the Quantized Free Electromagnetic Field.- W4-4 Volume of Coherence.- T1 Quantum Electrodynamics and Alternative Theories II.- T1-1 A Quantum Treatment of Spontaneous Emission without Photons.- T1-2 Finite Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics.- T1-3 The Use of Classical Solutions in Quantum Optics.- T1-4 Raman Effect in Semiclassical Theory.- T2 Light Scattering I.- T2-1 Theory of Resonant Light Scattering Processes in Solids.- T2-2 A Generalized Extinction Theorem and Its Role in Scattering Theory.- T2-3 Mode Analysis and Mode Coupling of Electromagnetic Fields in Spatially Dispersive Media.- T2-4 Amplitude Stabilization of Pulses from a Q-Switched Ruby Laser by Means of Interaction with a Non-Linear Medium.- T3 Correlation and Fluctuation Measurements.- T3-1 Two-Photon Time Distributions in Mixed Light Beams.- T3-2 Photocounting Inversion in Presence of Dead Time Effects.- T3-3 Image Reconstruction from the Modulus of the Correlation Function: A Practical Approach to the Phase Problem of Coherence Theory.- T3-4 Photon-Correlation Spectroscopy.- T3-5 Multi-Time Intervals Distributions of Photoelectrons from Stationary Pseudo-Thermal Light with Gaussian Spectrum.- T4 Light Scattering II.- T4-1 Adventures in Green's Land: Light Scattering in Anisotropic Media.- T4-2 Intensity Fluctuation Techniques in Light Scattering.- T4-3 Coherence Properties of Light through a Liquid Crystal.- T4-4 C. Non-Critical Rayleigh Scattering from Pure Liquids.- T5 Coherence Effects in Spontaneous Emission II.- T5-1 Cooperative Effects in Spontaneous Emission.- T5-2 Amplified Spontaneous Emission.- T5-3 Non-Gaussian Statistics of Superradiant Radiation from Saturated Xenon 3.5?m Laser Amplifier.- T5-4 On the Theory of Radiating Electrons.- T6 Coherent Light Interactions.- T6-1 Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy by Saturation with Coherent Light.- T6-2 Response Functions for Strongly Driven Systems.- T6-3 Mechanism of Interaction of Picosecond Light Pulses with Matter Yielding Self-Trapping.- T6-4 Resonance Fluorescence Lineshapes with Intense Applied Fields.- T6-5 Electron Beams as Carriers of Optical Coherence.- T7 Lasers.- T7-1 Detuned Single Mode Laser and Detailed Balance.- T7-2 Tunable Raman Lasers.- T7-3 Dye Lasers: Recent Advances in Tunable Systems.- F1 Quantum Electrodynamics and Alternative Theories III.- F1-1 A Theory of Light without Photons: Implications from Fermis to Light Years.- F1-2 Blackbody Heat Capacity and Action-at-a-Distance Electrodynamics.- F1-3 The Implications of Radiative Equilibrium in Jaynes' Extension of Semiclassical Radiation Theory.- F1-4 A Quantum Electrodynamic Investigation of the Jaynes-Crisp-Stroud Approach to Spontaneous Emission.- F1-5 Critical Comments on Radiation Theory.- F2 Resonant Pulse Propagation II.- F2-1 Cooperative Phenomena in Resonant Propagation.- F2-2 Theory of Sub-Cooperation-Limit Optical Pulses in Resonant Absorbers.- F2-3 Multiple Pulse Chirping in Self-Induced Transparency.- F2-4 Coupled Superradiance Master Equations: Application to Fluctuations in Coherent Pulse Propagation in Resonant Media.- F3 Coherence II.- F3-1 The Laser-Phase Transition Analogy - Recent Developments.- F3-2 Multiple-Time-Scale Analysis of Coherent Radiation.- F3-3 Orthogonal Operators and Phase Space Distributions in Quantum Optics.- F4 Coherence Effects in Spontaneous Emission III.- F4-1 Radiation by Many Excited Atoms between Mirrors.- F4-2 Transient Coherent Emission.- F4-3 Superradiance from a System of 3-Level Particles.- F4-4 A Quantum Electrodynamic View of Superradiance as a Competition between Stimulated and Spontaneous Atomic Decay.- F5 Post Deadline Session.- F5-1 Third- and Higher-Order Intensity Correlations in Laser Light.- F5-2 Correlation Function of a Laser Beam near Threshold.- F5-3 Localization of Photons.- F5-4 Adiabatic Following and the Self-Defocusing of Light in Rubidium Vapor.- F5-5 Experimental Evidence of an X-Ray Laser.- F5-6 Quantum Theory of Photodetection and Coherence Properties of Electrons.- F5-7 Statistics of Light Scattered by Non-Gaussian Fluctuations.- F6 Quantum Noise.- F6-1 Unified Thermodynamics of Dissipative Structures and Coherence in Nonlinear Optics.- F6-2 The Approach to Thermal Equilibrium in Systems of Coupled Quantum Oscillators Initially in a Generalized Gaussian State.- F6-3 Comparison between Incoherent and Chaotic Sources: Contribution to the Study of the Origin of Bunching Effect.- F6-4 Self-Pulsing in Laser Amplification of Broadband Noise.- Author Index.

•Jan 9, 2014•0 citations

Properties and Interactions of Coherent Radiation.

L. Mandeļ

The research includes work on spatial coherence properties of lasers far below threshold, spectral broadening of the electromagnetic field near focus seen by a moving atom, plane wave representations and validity of semiclassical electromagnetic theories for treating the emission and absorption of light.

Final Report•Dec 1, 1974•0 citations

Quantum electrodynamics of an atom in front of a dielectric slab

Reyes Contreras, Ana María

Quantum electrodynamic theory (QED) in the vicinity of macroscopic structures has achieved new importance due to its applicability, particularly in nanotechnology. There are many powerful methods for studying QED near media with diverse properties and geometries. However, applying them to a particular problem generally necessitates extensive numerical calculations. This is not the case for simple systems of high symmetry, in which the electromagnetic field can be quantised by explicit mode expansion, allowing exact analytic calculations. In the present thesis, we calculate the energy-level shift of a ground state atom near a non-dispersive and non-dissipative dielectric slab. The shift is due to the interaction of the atom with electromagnetic field fluctuations, which in turn are affected by the presence of the slab. Thus, a quantisation of the electromagnetic field in the presence of a layered system is required. We derive the field modes, which comprise of a continuous set of travelling modes (with incident, reflected and transmitted parts) and trapped modes, subject to repeated total internal reflection and emerge as an evanescent field outside the slab, they only exist at certain discrete frequencies. The shift is obtained by means of second-order perturbation theory. It splits up naturally into two contributions, due to the different nature of the modes, and a problem arises when we have to add them all. We have come up with a convenient method of summing over all modes, and its validity has been demonstrated by proving the completeness. The calculation of the shift follows as an application of our method. The result is analysed asymptotically for various regions, reducing to simple formulas that can be utilised in recent experiments, in which the thickness of the substrate matters.

•Feb 1, 2009•0 citations

Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics

L. Mandeļ, E. Wolf

This book presents a systematic account of optical coherence theory within the framework of classical optics, as applied to such topics as radiation from sources of different states of coherence, foundations of radiometry, effects of source coherence on the spectra of radiated fields, coherence theory of laser modes, and scattering of partially coherent light by random media. The book starts with a full mathematical introduction to the subject area and each chapter concludes with a set of exercises. The authors are renowned scientists and have made substantial contributions to many of the topics treated in the book. Much of the book is based on courses given by them at universities, scientific meetings and laboratories throughout the world. This book will undoubtedly become an indispensable aid to scientists and engineers concerned with modern optics, as well as to teachers and graduate students of physics and engineering.

Cambridge University Press eBooks•Sep 29, 1995•8,352 citations

Vacuum field fluctuations and spontaneous emission in a dielectric slab

Heidar Khosravi, R. Loudon

Abstract The electromagnetic field is quantized on the basis of the complete set of spatial modes of a plane dielectric slab of arbitrary thickness and refractive index but infinite transverse dimensions, located in otherwise empty three-dimensional space. The vacuum field fluctuations and spontaneous emission rates are evaluated as functions of position both inside and outside the slab. The source-field operator is derived for emission by atoms inside the slab, in the direction perpendicular to its surfaces. Particular attention is given to the possibility of suppressing spontaneous emission by placing atoms in, or close to, a dielectric slab.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A Mathematical and Physical Sciences•Feb 8, 1992•77 citations

Recent Advances in Cooperative Phenomena and Matter Field Interactions.

D. W. Howgate, C. M. Bowden, C. Alton Coulter +1 more

Partial Contents: Interaction of a Molecular Gas with the Electromagnetic Field; An Effective Hamiltonian for the Treatment of N Identical Two-Level Atoms Interacting with the Electromagnetic Field; and Light-Atom Interaction in Cooperative Phenomena in Quantum Optics.

•Jan 1, 1980•0 citations
The research was chiefly concerned with coherence effects in electromagnetic fields. Both free fields and fields interacting with matter were considered. Master equation techniques were applied to problems involving spontaneous emission. Fluctuation-dissipation theorems for systems in non-thermal equilibrium were derived and applied to the study of the laser threshold region. The exact mode expansion was derived for the electromagnetic field in a spatially dispersive model dielectric forming a plane parallel slab and was applied to the problem of refraction and reflection on a spatially dispersive half-space. A new derivation was obtained of the multipole expansion of an electromagnetic field generated by a localized monochromatic charge-current distribution. New representation for the multipole moments was also found.
W1 Resonant Pulse Propagation I.- W1-1 Some Nonlinear Properties of Pulse Propagation.- W1-2 Self-Induced Transparency in the Broadline and Narrowline Limits and Applications.- W1-3 Observation of Zero-Degree Pulse Propagation in a Resonant Medium.- W1-4 Higher Conservation Laws and Coherent Pulse Propagation.- W2 Quantum Electrodynamics and Alternative Theories I.- W2-1 Survey of the Present Status of Neoclassical Radiation Theory.- W2-2 A Test of Jaynes' Neoclassical Theory: Incoherent Resonance Fluorescence from a Coherently Excited State.- W2-3 Experimental Limitations to the Validity of Semiclassical Radiation Theories.- W2-4 Time Delay Statistics of Photoelectric Emissions: An Experimental Test of Classical Radiation Theory.- W3 Coherence Effects in Spontaneous Emission I.- W3-1 Non-Linear Radiation Reaction.- W3-2 Master Equations in the Theory of Incoherent and Coherent Spontaneous Emission.- W3-3 Influence of Resonant Frequency Shifts on Superradiant Damping.- W3-4 Spontaneous Emission Rate in the Presence of a Mirror.- W4 Coherence I.- W4-1 Atomic Coherent States in Quantum Optics.- W4-2 Coherent States in Modern Physics.- W4-3 Debye Representation and Multipole Expansion of the Quantized Free Electromagnetic Field.- W4-4 Volume of Coherence.- T1 Quantum Electrodynamics and Alternative Theories II.- T1-1 A Quantum Treatment of Spontaneous Emission without Photons.- T1-2 Finite Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics.- T1-3 The Use of Classical Solutions in Quantum Optics.- T1-4 Raman Effect in Semiclassical Theory.- T2 Light Scattering I.- T2-1 Theory of Resonant Light Scattering Processes in Solids.- T2-2 A Generalized Extinction Theorem and Its Role in Scattering Theory.- T2-3 Mode Analysis and Mode Coupling of Electromagnetic Fields in Spatially Dispersive Media.- T2-4 Amplitude Stabilization of Pulses from a Q-Switched Ruby Laser by Means of Interaction with a Non-Linear Medium.- T3 Correlation and Fluctuation Measurements.- T3-1 Two-Photon Time Distributions in Mixed Light Beams.- T3-2 Photocounting Inversion in Presence of Dead Time Effects.- T3-3 Image Reconstruction from the Modulus of the Correlation Function: A Practical Approach to the Phase Problem of Coherence Theory.- T3-4 Photon-Correlation Spectroscopy.- T3-5 Multi-Time Intervals Distributions of Photoelectrons from Stationary Pseudo-Thermal Light with Gaussian Spectrum.- T4 Light Scattering II.- T4-1 Adventures in Green's Land: Light Scattering in Anisotropic Media.- T4-2 Intensity Fluctuation Techniques in Light Scattering.- T4-3 Coherence Properties of Light through a Liquid Crystal.- T4-4 C. Non-Critical Rayleigh Scattering from Pure Liquids.- T5 Coherence Effects in Spontaneous Emission II.- T5-1 Cooperative Effects in Spontaneous Emission.- T5-2 Amplified Spontaneous Emission.- T5-3 Non-Gaussian Statistics of Superradiant Radiation from Saturated Xenon 3.5?m Laser Amplifier.- T5-4 On the Theory of Radiating Electrons.- T6 Coherent Light Interactions.- T6-1 Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy by Saturation with Coherent Light.- T6-2 Response Functions for Strongly Driven Systems.- T6-3 Mechanism of Interaction of Picosecond Light Pulses with Matter Yielding Self-Trapping.- T6-4 Resonance Fluorescence Lineshapes with Intense Applied Fields.- T6-5 Electron Beams as Carriers of Optical Coherence.- T7 Lasers.- T7-1 Detuned Single Mode Laser and Detailed Balance.- T7-2 Tunable Raman Lasers.- T7-3 Dye Lasers: Recent Advances in Tunable Systems.- F1 Quantum Electrodynamics and Alternative Theories III.- F1-1 A Theory of Light without Photons: Implications from Fermis to Light Years.- F1-2 Blackbody Heat Capacity and Action-at-a-Distance Electrodynamics.- F1-3 The Implications of Radiative Equilibrium in Jaynes' Extension of Semiclassical Radiation Theory.- F1-4 A Quantum Electrodynamic Investigation of the Jaynes-Crisp-Stroud Approach to Spontaneous Emission.- F1-5 Critical Comments on Radiation Theory.- F2 Resonant Pulse Propagation II.- F2-1 Cooperative Phenomena in Resonant Propagation.- F2-2 Theory of Sub-Cooperation-Limit Optical Pulses in Resonant Absorbers.- F2-3 Multiple Pulse Chirping in Self-Induced Transparency.- F2-4 Coupled Superradiance Master Equations: Application to Fluctuations in Coherent Pulse Propagation in Resonant Media.- F3 Coherence II.- F3-1 The Laser-Phase Transition Analogy - Recent Developments.- F3-2 Multiple-Time-Scale Analysis of Coherent Radiation.- F3-3 Orthogonal Operators and Phase Space Distributions in Quantum Optics.- F4 Coherence Effects in Spontaneous Emission III.- F4-1 Radiation by Many Excited Atoms between Mirrors.- F4-2 Transient Coherent Emission.- F4-3 Superradiance from a System of 3-Level Particles.- F4-4 A Quantum Electrodynamic View of Superradiance as a Competition between Stimulated and Spontaneous Atomic Decay.- F5 Post Deadline Session.- F5-1 Third- and Higher-Order Intensity Correlations in Laser Light.- F5-2 Correlation Function of a Laser Beam near Threshold.- F5-3 Localization of Photons.- F5-4 Adiabatic Following and the Self-Defocusing of Light in Rubidium Vapor.- F5-5 Experimental Evidence of an X-Ray Laser.- F5-6 Quantum Theory of Photodetection and Coherence Properties of Electrons.- F5-7 Statistics of Light Scattered by Non-Gaussian Fluctuations.- F6 Quantum Noise.- F6-1 Unified Thermodynamics of Dissipative Structures and Coherence in Nonlinear Optics.- F6-2 The Approach to Thermal Equilibrium in Systems of Coupled Quantum Oscillators Initially in a Generalized Gaussian State.- F6-3 Comparison between Incoherent and Chaotic Sources: Contribution to the Study of the Origin of Bunching Effect.- F6-4 Self-Pulsing in Laser Amplification of Broadband Noise.- Author Index.
Quantum electrodynamic theory (QED) in the vicinity of macroscopic structures has achieved new importance due to its applicability, particularly in nanotechnology. There are many powerful methods for studying QED near media with diverse properties and geometries. However, applying them to a particular problem generally necessitates extensive numerical calculations. This is not the case for simple systems of high symmetry, in which the electromagnetic field can be quantised by explicit mode expansion, allowing exact analytic calculations. In the present thesis, we calculate the energy-level shift of a ground state atom near a non-dispersive and non-dissipative dielectric slab. The shift is due to the interaction of the atom with electromagnetic field fluctuations, which in turn are affected by the presence of the slab. Thus, a quantisation of the electromagnetic field in the presence of a layered system is required. We derive the field modes, which comprise of a continuous set of travelling modes (with incident, reflected and transmitted parts) and trapped modes, subject to repeated total internal reflection and emerge as an evanescent field outside the slab, they only exist at certain discrete frequencies. The shift is obtained by means of second-order perturbation theory. It splits up naturally into two contributions, due to the different nature of the modes, and a problem arises when we have to add them all. We have come up with a convenient method of summing over all modes, and its validity has been demonstrated by proving the completeness. The calculation of the shift follows as an application of our method. The result is analysed asymptotically for various regions, reducing to simple formulas that can be utilised in recent experiments, in which the thickness of the substrate matters.
This book presents a systematic account of optical coherence theory within the framework of classical optics, as applied to such topics as radiation from sources of different states of coherence, foundations of radiometry, effects of source coherence on the spectra of radiated fields, coherence theory of laser modes, and scattering of partially coherent light by random media. The book starts with a full mathematical introduction to the subject area and each chapter concludes with a set of exercises. The authors are renowned scientists and have made substantial contributions to many of the topics treated in the book. Much of the book is based on courses given by them at universities, scientific meetings and laboratories throughout the world. This book will undoubtedly become an indispensable aid to scientists and engineers concerned with modern optics, as well as to teachers and graduate students of physics and engineering.
Abstract The electromagnetic field is quantized on the basis of the complete set of spatial modes of a plane dielectric slab of arbitrary thickness and refractive index but infinite transverse dimensions, located in otherwise empty three-dimensional space. The vacuum field fluctuations and spontaneous emission rates are evaluated as functions of position both inside and outside the slab. The source-field operator is derived for emission by atoms inside the slab, in the direction perpendicular to its surfaces. Particular attention is given to the possibility of suppressing spontaneous emission by placing atoms in, or close to, a dielectric slab.