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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Position-dependent antibunching and spectral profiles from two fluorescing atoms in an optical resonator

Gordon Yeoman, Georg M. Meyer

Published Apr 15, 1998• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate that two incoherently pumped atoms coupled to an optical resonator produce light with position-dependent field and intensity correlations. The fluorescence spectrum may comprise one, two or three peaks, while the second-order correlation function exhibits bunched or antibunched photon statistics depending on the position of the measurement. These dynamical quantum effects are connected to cavity-induced anticorrelation of the atomic dipoles ( Phys. Rev. Lett. , 79 (1997) 2650).

DOI
10.1209/epl/i1998-00222-0

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We demonstrate that two incoherently pumped atoms coupled to an optical resonator produce light with position-dependent field and intensity correlations. The fluorescence spectrum may comprise one, two or three peaks, while the second-order correlation function exhibits bunched or antibunched photon statistics depending on the position of the measurement. These dynamical quantum effects are connected to cavity-induced anticorrelation of the atomic dipoles ( Phys. Rev. Lett. , 79 (1997) 2650).
A theoretical model of a microscopic laser system incorporating two identical atoms coupled to a single resonator mode is investigated in detail. It is established that a dramatic improvement in laser quality results from the addition of a second atom into the cavity. The enhanced laser action, arising from a cavity-induced mutual atomic coherence, is inferred from comprehensive studies of the steady-state and dynamical properties of the cavity output field. Evidence of laser action is also found in the fluorescence field where position-dependent spectral profiles occur. Counterintuitively, we establish that antibunching phenomena in the fluorescence can be enhanced by incoherent pumping.
We show that the resonance fluorescence from a symmetric system of two incoherently pumped atoms coupled to a cavity mode produces interference fringes that possess a minimum on the symmetry plane. This unique deviation from Young-type interferences can be explained intuitively by the process of stimulated emission and reabsorption, leading to a cavity-induced anticorrelation of the atomic dipoles. Detailed consideration of an optical pumping scheme reveals the surprising role of cavity damping. We propose an experiment utilizing a two-level system in In+{\mathrm{In}}^{+}In+.
A new possibility of generating one-mode squeezed light by coupling a system of two-level atom with a bichromatic pump field in an optical cavity is suggested. The non-classical character of light in this process is caused by two-photon radiation at the central frequency of the spectrum of resonance fluorescence in the bichromatic field. The intensity of the resonance fluorescence cavity output field as well as the variance of the quadrature amplitudes and the second-order correlation function of intensity are calculated.
Resonance fluorescence from a single two-level atom driven by a beam of squeezed light is studied in the weak field limit. We consider the situation where the atom is coupled to the ordinary vacuum and only a few field modes corresponding to the driving field are squeezed. The field produced by the degenerate optical parametric oscillator is used as the driving field. This driving field can be described in terms of two real independent Gaussian processes. Heisenberg equations of motion are solved in the steady-state, and analytic expressions for the fluorescent light intensity and the spectrum of fluorescent light are derived. We also consider photon statistics of fluorescent light. In particular, squeezing, antibunching, and sub-Poissonian statistics of fluorescent photons are discussed and analytic expressions for the quadrature variance and the two-time intensity correlation function are presented. Contrary to the case of coherent excitation the second-order intensity correlation function does not factorize.
The cooperative resonance fluorescence radiation from two atoms separated by an arbitrary distance and driven by a coherent laser field is studied, taking into account the dipole-dipole near-field interaction. The steady-state total scattering intensity, as a function of laser frequency and field strength, differs considerably from the single-atom one for sufficiently small distances. Photon bunching and antibunching occur in the scattered radiation depending on the laser frequency. Practically a full antibunching effect is found, especially if the laser is tuned to resonance with a transition frequency of the two-atom system. This is in contrast to a recent result of Agarwal et al., who studied the two-atom system but neglected the frequency splitting due to the dipole-dipole near-field interaction.
The spectrum of resonance fluorescence and the second-order correlation function are calculated for a system of two identical two-level cooperative systems interacting via the dipole-dipole interaction. The results are valid for arbitrary incident-field strengths and for atomic separations much less than the resonant wavelength. The intensity of the sidebands at the Rabi frequency is diminished by the dipole interaction, whereas that of the sidebands at twice the Rabi frequency is enhanced. Both the cooperative behavior and the dipole-dipole interaction act to diminish the photon antibunching, as shown by the second-order correlation function.