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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

State-insensitive trapping and guiding of cesium atoms using a two-color evanescent field around a subwavelength-diameter fiber

Fam Le Kien, V. I. Balykin, K. Hakuta

Published Jan 1, 2005• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We calculate the optical potentials, i.e., the light shifts, of the ground and excited states of atomic cesium in a two-color evanescent field around a subwavelength-diameter fiber. We show that the light shifts of the 6S1=2 $ 6P3=2 transitions can be minimized by tuning one trapping light to around 934.5 nm in wavelength (central red-detuned magic wavelength) and the other light to around 685.5 nm in wavelength (central blue-detuned magic wavelength). The simultaneous use of the redand blue-detuned magic wavelengths allows state-insensitive two-color trapping and guiding of cesium atoms along the thin fiber. Our results can be used to efficiently load a two-color dipole trap by cesium atoms from a magneto-optical trap and to perform continuous observations.

DOI
10.1109/iqec.2005.1560844

Related papers

State-Insensitive Trapping and Guiding of Cesium Atoms Using a Two-Color Evanescent Field around a Subwavelength-Diameter Fiber

Fam Le Kien, V. I. Balykin, K. Hakuta

We calculate the optical potentials, i.e. the light shifts, of the ground and excited states of atomic cesium in a two-color evanescent field around a subwavelength-diameter fiber. We show that the light shifts of the $6S_{1/2}\\leftrightarrow 6P_{3/2}$ transitions can be minimized by tuning one trapping light to around 934.5 nm in wavelength (central red-detuned magic wavelength) and the other light to around 685.5 nm in wavelength (central blue-detuned magic wavelength). The simultaneous use of the red- and blue-detuned magic wavelengths allows state-insensitive two-color trapping and guiding of cesium atoms along the thin fiber. Our results can be used to efficiently load a two-color dipole trap by cesium atoms from a magneto-optical trap and to perform continuous observations.

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State-insensitive trapping and guiding of cesium atoms using a two-color evanescent field around a subwavelength-diameter fiber

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We calculate the optical potentials, i.e. the light shifts, of the ground and excited states of atomic cesium in a two-color evanescent field around a subwavelength-diameter fiber. We show that the light shifts of the $6S_{1/2}\leftrightarrow 6P_{3/2}$ transitions can be minimized by tuning one trapping light to around 934.5 nm in wavelength (central red-detuned magic wavelength) and the other light to around 685.5 nm in wavelength (central blue-detuned magic wavelength). The simultaneous use of the red- and blue-detuned magic wavelengths allows state-insensitive two-color trapping and guiding of cesium atoms along the thin fiber. Our results can be used to efficiently load a two-color dipole trap by cesium atoms from a magneto-optical trap and to perform continuous observations.

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We calculate the optical potentials, i.e., the light shifts, of the ground and excited states of atomic cesium in a two-color evanescent field around a subwavelength-diameter fiber. We show that the light shifts of the 6S1=2 $ 6P3=2 transitions can be minimized by tuning one trapping light to around 934.5 nm in wavelength (central red-detuned magic wavelength) and the other light to around 685.5 nm in wavelength (central blue-detuned magic wavelength). The simultaneous use of the redand blue-detuned magic wavelengths allows state-insensitive two-color trapping and guiding of cesium atoms along the thin fiber. Our results can be used to efficiently load a two-color dipole trap by cesium atoms from a magneto-optical trap and to perform continuous observations.
We calculate the optical potentials, i.e. the light shifts, of the ground and excited states of atomic cesium in a two-color evanescent field around a subwavelength-diameter fiber. We show that the light shifts of the 6S1/2leftrightarrow6P3/26S_{1/2}\\leftrightarrow 6P_{3/2}6S1/2​leftrightarrow6P3/2​ transitions can be minimized by tuning one trapping light to around 934.5 nm in wavelength (central red-detuned magic wavelength) and the other light to around 685.5 nm in wavelength (central blue-detuned magic wavelength). The simultaneous use of the red- and blue-detuned magic wavelengths allows state-insensitive two-color trapping and guiding of cesium atoms along the thin fiber. Our results can be used to efficiently load a two-color dipole trap by cesium atoms from a magneto-optical trap and to perform continuous observations.
We calculate the optical potentials, i.e. the light shifts, of the ground and excited states of atomic cesium in a two-color evanescent field around a subwavelength-diameter fiber. We show that the light shifts of the 6S1/2↔6P3/26S_{1/2}\leftrightarrow 6P_{3/2}6S1/2​↔6P3/2​ transitions can be minimized by tuning one trapping light to around 934.5 nm in wavelength (central red-detuned magic wavelength) and the other light to around 685.5 nm in wavelength (central blue-detuned magic wavelength). The simultaneous use of the red- and blue-detuned magic wavelengths allows state-insensitive two-color trapping and guiding of cesium atoms along the thin fiber. Our results can be used to efficiently load a two-color dipole trap by cesium atoms from a magneto-optical trap and to perform continuous observations.
We suggest using a two-color evanescent light field around a subwavelength-diameter fiber to trap and guide atoms. The optical fiber carries a red-detuned light and a blue-detuned light, with both modes far from resonance. When both input light fields are circularly polarized, a set of trapping minima of the total potential in the transverse plane is formed as a ring around the fiber. This design allows confinement of atoms to a cylindrical shell around the fiber. When one or both of the input light fields are linearly polarized, the total potential has two local minimum points in the transverse plane. This design allows confinement of atoms to two straight lines parallel to the fiber axis. Due to the small thickness of the fiber, we can use far-off-resonance fields with substantially differing evanescent decay lengths to produce a net potential with a large depth, a large coherence time, and a large trap lifetime. For example, a 0.2-\ensuremath{\mu}m-radius silica fiber carrying 30 mW of 1.06-\ensuremath{\mu}m-wavelength light and 29 mW of 700-nm-wavelength light, both fields circularly polarized at the input, gives for cesium atoms a trap depth of 2.9 mK, a coherence time of 32 ms, and a recoil-heating-limited trap lifetime of 541 s.
We suggest using an evanescent wave around a thin fiber to trap atoms. We show that the gradient force of a red-detuned evanescent-wave field in the fundamental mode of a silica fiber can balance the centrifugal force when the fiber diameter is about two times smaller than the wavelength of the light and the component of the angular momentum of the atoms along the fiber axis is in an appropriate range. As an example, the system should be realizable for cesium atoms at a temperature of less than 0.29mK0.29\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK}0.29mK using a silica fiber with a radius of $0.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ and a $1.3\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$-wavelength light with a power of about 27mW27\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mW}27mW.
Laser trapping and interfacing of laser-cooled atoms in an optical fiber network is an important capability for quantum information science. Following the pioneering work of Balykin et al. and Vetsch et al., we propose a robust method of trapping single Cesium atoms with a two-color state-insensitive evanescent wave around a dielectric nanofiber. Specifically, we show that vector light shifts (i.e., effective inhomogeneous Zeeman broadening of the ground states) induced by the inherent ellipticity of the forward-propagating evanescent wave can be effectively canceled by a backward-propagating evanescent wave. Furthermore, by operating the trapping lasers at the magic wavelengths, we remove the differential scalar light shift between ground and excited states, thereby allowing for resonant driving of the optical D2 transition. This scheme provides a promising approach to trap and probe neutral atoms with long trap and coherence lifetimes with realistic experimental parameters.
We analyze evanescent fields of laser written waveguides and show that they can be used to trap atoms close to the surface of an integrated optical atom chip. In contrast to subwavelength nanofibres it is generally not possible to create a stable trapping potential using only the fundamental modes. This is why we create a stable trapping potential by using two different laser colors, such that the waveguide supports two modes for the blue detuned laser, while for the red detuned light the waveguide has only a single mode. In particular, we study such a two-color trap for Cesium atoms, and calculate both the potential and losses for the set of parameters that are within experimental reach. We also optimize system parameters in order to minimize trap losses due to photon scattering and tunneling to the surface.