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SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC)

Control of optical properties of materials by atomic coherence and quantum interference effects

M. A. G. Martinez, Peter R. Herczfeld, Lorenzo M. Narducci, Charles Samuels, Christoph H. Keitel

Published Nov 23, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the spontaneous emission spectrum of a three-level atom coherently driven by a microwave field. The microwave excitation establishes a coherent link between the bottom two levels, and as a consequence induces the quantum interference of previously independent decay pathways. As the decay pathways differ from one another by an odd number of stimulated emission processes, the spontaneous emission spectrum acquires a dependence on the phase of the excitation field, a feature that is absent in other resonance fluorescence phenomena.

DOI
10.1109/sbmomo.1997.646856

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We investigate the spontaneous emission spectrum of a three-level atom coherently driven by a microwave field. The microwave excitation establishes a coherent link between the bottom two levels, and as a consequence induces the quantum interference of previously independent decay pathways. As the decay pathways differ from one another by an odd number of stimulated emission processes, the spontaneous emission spectrum acquires a dependence on the phase of the excitation field, a feature that is absent in other resonance fluorescence phenomena.
We discuss quantum interference effects in the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a \ensuremath{\Lambda} three-level atom when the lower-level doublet is driven by a coherent field. The interfering pathways that lead to the same final state involve both spontaneous decays and stimulated transitions, and differ from one another by an odd number of stimulated processes induced by the driving field. As a consequence, the interference structures depend upon the phase of the coherent field, an effect that is absent in other resonance fluorescence phenomena. The phase dependence of the quantum interference contribution is especially significant when the level splitting of the driven doublet is comparable to the spontaneous decay rates of the competing optical paths.
We discuss the spontaneous emission from a coherently prepared and microwave-driven doublet of potentially closely spaced excited states to a common ground level. Multiple interference mechanisms are identified that may lead to fluorescence inhibition in well-separated regions of the spectrum or act jointly in canceling the spontaneous emission. In addition to phase-independent quantum interferences due to combined absorptions and emissions of driving field photons, we distinguish two competing phase-dependent interference mechanisms as means of controlling the fluorescence. The indistinguishable quantum paths may involve the spontaneous emission from the same state of the doublet, originating from the two different components of the initial coherent superposition. Alternatively the paths involve a different spontaneous photon from each of two decaying states, necessarily with the same polarization. This makes these photons indistinguishable in principle within the uncertainty of the two decay rates. The phase dependence arises for both mechanisms because the interfering paths differ by an unequal number of stimulated absorptions and emissions of the microwave field photons.
Spontaneous emission in atomic system arises due to the interaction of atoms with environmental modes. Atomic coherence and quantum interference are the most important mechanisms for controlling the spontaneous emission. We show that under certain conditions complete quenching of spontaneous emission is possible. By using V type three level system driven by two fields, the phase dependence of quantum interference is investigated. The Fano type and P type interference mechanism in atomic coherence system driven by microwaves are investigated. In particular we find that both phase dependence interference mechanism may be destructive simultaneously and thus lead to spontaneous emission cancellation in different parts of the spectrum. One of the most important applications of this system is the refractive index enhancement.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The spontaneous emission property of a five-level atom with a loop structure driven by three optical fields and a microwave field is intensively studied. Several quantum interference effects can be observed in the spontaneous emission spectra, such as spectral-line narrowing, spectral-line enhancement, spectral-line suppression, partial cancellation and fluorescence quenching. The number of emission peaks, the positions of dark lines can be controlled by varying the intensities of driving fields or the phase of the microwave field coupling the two lower levels in the atomic system. Furthermore, since no rigorous conditions are required, the expected phenomena may easily be achieved experimentally in atomic systems.
We study the resonance fluorescence from a coherently driven four-level atom in the Y-type configuration. The effects of quantum interference induced by spontaneous emission on the fluorescence properties of the atom are investigated. It is found that the quantum interference resulting from cascade emission decays of the atom leads to a splitting of resonances in the excited-level populations calculated as a function of light detuning. For some parameters, interference-assisted enhancement of inner sidebands and narrowing of central peaks may also occur in the fluorescence spectrum. We present a physical understanding of our numerical results using the dressed-state description of the atom-light interaction.
We study the influence of quantum interference on the spontaneous emission from an excited two-level atom when either the atomic upper or lower level is coupled by a coherent field to a third, usually higher-lying, state. In the case of the upper level coupling, destructive quantum interference between two competing decay amplitudes produces a dark line in the emission spectrum, a phenomenon that should not be confused with the well known population trapping, and a narrowing of one of the two side lobes that make up the spectral profile. Quantum interference is absent, instead, in the case of the lower level coupling, and the spectrum modified by the external driving field is just the incoherent superposition of two Lorentzian lines. We suggest a physical interpretation of these results. In addition, we compare the analytic predictions of the simplest nontrivial versions of these models with more realistic but nonanalytic descriptions and show, numerically, that the interference effects persist in the upper level case even when additional complications are taken into account.