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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Controlling of spontaneous emission

H. Tajalli, Mostafa Sahrai

Published Oct 1, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Spontaneous emission in atomic system arises due to the interaction of atoms with environmental modes. Atomic coherence and quantum interference are the most important mechanisms for controlling the spontaneous emission. We show that under certain conditions complete quenching of spontaneous emission is possible. By using V type three level system driven by two fields, the phase dependence of quantum interference is investigated. The Fano type and P type interference mechanism in atomic coherence system driven by microwaves are investigated. In particular we find that both phase dependence interference mechanism may be destructive simultaneously and thus lead to spontaneous emission cancellation in different parts of the spectrum. One of the most important applications of this system is the refractive index enhancement.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

DOI
10.1117/12.519896

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Spontaneous emission in atomic system arises due to the interaction of atoms with environmental modes. Atomic coherence and quantum interference are the most important mechanisms for controlling the spontaneous emission. We show that under certain conditions complete quenching of spontaneous emission is possible. By using V type three level system driven by two fields, the phase dependence of quantum interference is investigated. The Fano type and P type interference mechanism in atomic coherence system driven by microwaves are investigated. In particular we find that both phase dependence interference mechanism may be destructive simultaneously and thus lead to spontaneous emission cancellation in different parts of the spectrum. One of the most important applications of this system is the refractive index enhancement.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
We investigate the spontaneous emission spectrum of a three-level atom coherently driven by a microwave field. The microwave excitation establishes a coherent link between the bottom two levels, and as a consequence induces the quantum interference of previously independent decay pathways. As the decay pathways differ from one another by an odd number of stimulated emission processes, the spontaneous emission spectrum acquires a dependence on the phase of the excitation field, a feature that is absent in other resonance fluorescence phenomena.
The spontaneous emission property of a five-level atom with a loop structure driven by three optical fields and a microwave field is intensively studied. Several quantum interference effects can be observed in the spontaneous emission spectra, such as spectral-line narrowing, spectral-line enhancement, spectral-line suppression, partial cancellation and fluorescence quenching. The number of emission peaks, the positions of dark lines can be controlled by varying the intensities of driving fields or the phase of the microwave field coupling the two lower levels in the atomic system. Furthermore, since no rigorous conditions are required, the expected phenomena may easily be achieved experimentally in atomic systems.
Abstract It has been shown that coherence effects have a marked influence in the spontaneous emission spectrum of a three-level Λ -type atom driven by weak coherent and incoherent fields. Phase dependent evolution of interference effects leading to spectral narrowing, generation of spectral hole and dark line are exhibited in the present scheme when the atom does not interact with the incoherent fields. The basic mechanism underlying this scheme seems to be appropriate for a phaseonium. Apart from phase-coherence introduced in the system the phenomenon of line narrowing, in the presence of weak incoherent pumping, can be achieved in a different way as a consequence of two competitive resonant effects: sharp non-Lorentzian and symmetric Fano-like-resonance contributions to the line shape. In both the situations, the evolution of narrow structures in the line shape can be achieved even when the emission is influenced by the dephasing of Raman coherence.
The modification of the spontaneous emission spectrum has been studied in this paper in a four-level doubly driven N-type atomic system. In the presence of two coherent fields, emphasis has been given to studying the spectral distribution of spontaneous emission in the relaxation process of the initially prepared excited level. The phenomenon of quantum interference dynamically induced in the system by these fields can significantly change the spontaneous emission spectrum. We have shown the emergence of a two-peak spectrum where two widely separated symmetric peaks are associated with a sharp dark line at their mid-position. At different dynamic conditions, we have also shown that two symmetric peaks may appear in the spectrum with an extended dark zone between them. Depending on the values of the Rabi frequencies and the detunings of the external fields, one can achieve a large enhancement of very narrow spectral components within the spontaneous emission line shape under different conditions. The phenomenon of suppression of spectral line and the selective cancellation of spontaneous emission have also been discussed. The results shown in various cases are analysed by considering all possible dressed states corresponding to the bare state model. The influence of collision-induced effects on the spontaneous emission spectrum is investigated as a conditional case.
We investigate the steady-state spontaneous emission of a V-type three-level atom, with the coherence between the two upper levels modified and controlled via incoherent pumping to a fourth auxiliary level. The external pumping gives us an easily controllable handle in manipulating the spontaneous emission to such an extent that, under certain conditions, complete quenching of spontaneous emission is possible. We also show that even the interference between the decay channels, which is considered a key requirement in spontaneous emission quenching through quantum interference, is not essential to achieve near 100% trapping and almost complete suppression of spontaneous emission. Thus we provide a scheme for spontaneous emission quenching which can be easily realized experimentally.
Possibility of coherent control of spontaneous emission from four- and five-level systems in the laser radiation field is studied. The four-level system consists of two levels resonantly driven by laser radiation where either of levels may decay to a separate level. For such a system we show that the presence of the second decay channel may deteriorate the destructive interference occurring because of Autler-Townes effect in case of one decay channel. The five-level system represents two two-level resonantly driven systems with the upper levels decaying to a common level. For this case, the interference between the two decay channels is partially or completely destructive or constructive depending on the initial conditions and on the mutual orientation of the transition dipole moments. It is shown that population transfer takes place by the same quantum vacuum via spontaneous emission. The populations are shown to have damping oscillatory nature.