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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Invariant treatment of coherent population trapping in an elliptically polarized field

А. В. Тайченачев, Anatolii M Tumaikin, Valeriy I. Yudin

Published Feb 1, 1999• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherent population trapping (CPT), under the resonant interaction of elliptically polarized light with atoms having degenerated energy levels, is analytically treated without the use of a specific coordinate frame. Tensors describing dark states are presented in an explicit and invariant form for all atomic transitions, where CPT takes place. A correspondence between elliptical polarization vectors and pairs of unit spinors is established. It is shown that all dark states in the problem under consideration can be constructed from these spinors by taking multiple tensor products. In the case of an integer angular momentum, this general construction is reduced to a multiple tensor product of vectors.

DOI
10.1209/epl/i1999-00163-6

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arXiv:quant-ph/0504140•Europhysics Letters (EPL)•Oct 13, 2005•8 citations
Coherent population trapping (CPT), under the resonant interaction of elliptically polarized light with atoms having degenerated energy levels, is analytically treated without the use of a specific coordinate frame. Tensors describing dark states are presented in an explicit and invariant form for all atomic transitions, where CPT takes place. A correspondence between elliptical polarization vectors and pairs of unit spinors is established. It is shown that all dark states in the problem under consideration can be constructed from these spinors by taking multiple tensor products. In the case of an integer angular momentum, this general construction is reduced to a multiple tensor product of vectors.
The coherent population trapping (CPT) under resonance interaction of elliptically polarized light, with atoms having degenerated energy levels, is analytically treated in an invariant way, without using a specific coordinate frame. Tensors describing dark states are found in an explicit and invariant form for all atomic transitions, where CPT takes place. The correspondence between elliptical polarization vectors and pairs of unit spinors is established. It is shown that all dark states in the problem under consideration, can be constructed from these spinors, by taking multiple tensor products. In the case of an integer angular momentum, this general construction is reduced to a multiple tensor product of vectors. A general significance and some applications of these results are indicted.
An analysis is made of coherent population trapping as a result of resonant interaction of elliptically polarized light with atoms whose energy levels are degenerate with respect to the projection of the angular momentum and are coupled by a dipole transition. Explicit invariant expressions for dark states are obtained in tensor form for all transitions where population trapping occurs. A correspondence is established between the vector of the elliptic polarization and the pair of associated spinors. It is shown that all dark states can be constructed from these spinors by means of a multiple tensor product. For integer values of the angular momenta of the transitions these constructions reduce to spherical functions of a complex variable. As applications analytic expressions are obtained for the dark magneto-optic and geometric potentials, and the change in their profile with increasing angular momenta is analyzed.
A full quantum treatment of coherent population trapping (CPT) is given for a system of resonantly coupled atoms and electromagnetic field. We develop a regular analytical method of the construction of generalized dark states (GDS). It turns out that GDS do exist for all optical transitions FgtoFeF_g\\to F_eFg​toFe​, including bright transitions FtoF+1F\\to F+1FtoF+1 and F′′toF′′F''\\to F''F′′toF′′ with F′′F''F′′ a half-integer, for which the CPT effect is absent in a classical field.
At the conditions of two-photon resonance the effect of coherent population trapping (CPT) can take place. The CPT may be observed as in absorption so in resonance fluorescence. The CPT is widely applied in high resolution spectroscopy, laser cooling, atomic optics and so on. Earlier the peculiarities of CPT resonances on fine structure levels of an atom have been considered on example of thallium atoms. It was shown that the form and number of resonances are influenced by geometry of experiment and initial conditions (initial level populations). As the investigations of CPT on fine structure levels are the object of interest last years, we have considered the numerical analysis of dependence the form of CPT resonances on fine structure levels of T1 atoms as lower levels of Λ-system on polarization of radiation fields. The cases of elliptical, linear and circular polarization have been considered.
A basis of polarization-dressed states is proposed for atomic energy levels degenerate in the total angular momentum projections in the case of interaction with elliptically polarized light. It is shown that instead of selection rules for the magnetic quantum number, the interaction in this basis can be presented as the sum of direct transitions between corresponding pairs of polarization-dressed states of the upper and lower levels. The explicit form of the basis is derived for ten possible combinations of dipole transitions between energy levels with angular momenta J = 0, 1/2, 1, 3/2, and 2. The problem of Rabi oscillations in such a system is considered as an application.
A full quantum treatment of coherent population trapping (CPT) is given for a system of resonantly coupled atoms and electromagnetic field. We develop a regular analytical method of the construction of generalized dark states (GDS). It turns out that GDS do exist for all optical transitions F g → F e , including bright transitions F → F + 1 and F '' → F '' with F '' a half-integer, for which the CPT effect is absent in a classical field. We propose an idea to use an optically thick medium with a transition F '' → F '' with F '' ⩾ 3/2 a half-integer as a "quantum filter", which transmits only a quantum light with limited number of photons. Such a quantum filter can be used as a deterministic source of Fock's state of light.