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Applied Optics

Coupling of orthogonal polarization states in a nonlinear birefringent cavity

Kwongchoi Caisy Ho, Guy Indebetouw

Published Jan 10, 1990• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We discuss the coupling of orthogonally polarized beams in a nonlinear cavity and show experimentally how this can be used to implement gates or latches in which one polarization state is switched by another. These devices must be reset by interrupting a light beam and thus must dissipate energy to switch down. The possibility of up and down switching with positive pulses only is also discussed.

DOI
10.1364/ao.29.000206

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We discuss the coupling of orthogonally polarized beams in a nonlinear cavity and show experimentally how this can be used to implement gates or latches in which one polarization state is switched by another. These devices must be reset by interrupting a light beam and thus must dissipate energy to switch down. The possibility of up and down switching with positive pulses only is also discussed.
The conventional way of using a nonlinear Fabry-Perot cavity as an optical memory requires a negative pulse input to reset the state of the cavity. The possibility of using positive pulses to turn a system of nonlinear Fabry-Perot cavities on and off is studied and it was found that positive pulse switching is possible in a system of two coupled nonlinear cavities. First, Korpel and Lohmann's proposal of using polarization switching in a single nonlinear birefringent cavity was studied. After a detailed investigation of their proposal it was found that positive pulse switching in a single nonlinear Fabry-Perot cavity is not possible. One of the reasons is that the eigen-polarization states of the output of a nonlinear Fabry-Perot cavity cannot be switched independently. Although it is not possible to switch a single nonlinear Fabry-Perot cavity with positive pulses we were able to use the coupling of the eigen-polarization states to implement other kinds of optical switches which were demonstrated experimentally. The cross-talk effect in a metallic Fabry-Perot cavity was also studied. Next, a steady state model of a system of two coupled nonlinear Fabry-Perot cavities was developed and it was found that positive pulse switching is possible in such a system. The output can be turned on and off either by pulses sent into different cavities or by pulses of different magnitudes sent into one cavity. Finally, the dynamic behavior of the coupled cavities system was modeled by extending Goldstone and Garmire's model of a single cavity with one input to a system of two coupled cavities with two inputs. We verified by numerical calculations that positive pulse switching is also possible in the dynamic regime.
Polarization bistability has been proposed as having a number of advantages over conventional schemes.1 We have investigated polarization switching in a Fabry-Perot cavity filled with an aligned nematic. In this nonlinear, birefringent cavity, the transmittance for each polarization is a single valued function of the irradiance inside the cavity. This couples the two polarizations so that, unless sufficiently separated spatially, they switch simultaneously. Although limiting the range of possible applications, this coupling may be used to advantage to implement some optical latches.
To merge the fields of polarization and nonlinear optics opens wide perspectives. The present work aims at investigating some of them. It is shown, on one hand, that if a nonlinear Fabry- Perot resonator filled with an optically isotropic material is addressed by an obliquely incident beam, the transmitted irradiance can switch from an up to a down state (or the reverse) if its polarization is properly modulated. If on the other hand the nonlinear cavity is filled with a linearly birefringent material, polarization optical bistability can occur, even at normal incidence. This polarization bistability can arise both by modulating the incident irradiance and by modulating the incident polarization. Optical bistability of the transmitted irradiance can also be induced by the modulation of the polarization of the incident beam. All these features provide new tools for parallel digital optical information processing.
Light propagation in a 2-D array of coupled optical cavities with Kerr nonlinearity driven by a plane holding beam is numerically studied. Optical bistability together with its modulational instability (MI) are investigated, and 2-D discrete cavity solitons are simulated. These simulations revealed the switching on/off of the solitons along with the ability of a proper Gaussian beam (GB) to control their positions. Soliton-soliton and soliton-GB interactions are considered, and finally, all-optical NOR , XNOR, and NAND gates are proposed as realized by this device.