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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Unsymmetrical Quantum Key Distribution Using Tripartite Entanglement

Jin Xiong, Zheshen Zhang, Nanrun Zhou, Jinye Peng, Zeng Gui-Hua

Published Mar 1, 2007• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An unsymmetrical quantum key distribution protocol is proposed, in which Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) triplet states are used to obtain the secret key. Except the lost qubits due to the unperfectness of the physical devices, the unsymmetrical characteristic makes all transmitted qubits useful. This leads to an excellent efficiency, which reaches 100% in an ideal case. The security is studied from the aspect of information theory. By using the correlation of the GHZ tripartite entanglement state, eavesdropping can be easily checked out, which indicates that the presented protocol is more secure.

DOI
10.1088/0253-6102/47/3/012

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An unsymmetrical quantum key distribution protocol is proposed, in which Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) triplet states are used to obtain the secret key. Except the lost qubits due to the unperfectness of the physical devices, the unsymmetrical characteristic makes all transmitted qubits useful. This leads to an excellent efficiency, which reaches 100% in an ideal case. The security is studied from the aspect of information theory. By using the correlation of the GHZ tripartite entanglement state, eavesdropping can be easily checked out, which indicates that the presented protocol is more secure.
A novel approach to quantum cryptography to be called NQKD, networking quantum key distribution, has been developed for secure quantum communication schemes on the basis of the complementary relations of entanglement Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) triplet states. One scheme distributes the private key among legal participants in a probabilistic manner, while another transmits the deterministic message with some certainty. Some decoy photons are employed for preventing a potential eavesdropper from attacking quantum channels. The present schemes are efficient as there exists an elegant method for key distributions. The security of the proposed schemes is exactly guaranteed by the entanglement of the GHZ quantum system, which is illustrated in security analysis.
In this paper, we develop, a quantum key distribution protocol based on the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states (GHZs). The particles are exchanged among the users in blocks through two steps. In this protocol, for three-particle GHZs three keys can be simultaneously generated. The advantage of this is that the users can select the most suitable key for communication. The protocol can be generalized to N users to provide N keys. The protocol has two levels for checking the eavesdroppers. Moreover, we discuss the security of the protocol against different attacks.
In order to improve the efficiency of deterministic key distribution,a quantum key distribution scheme based on GHZ states entanglement swapping was proposed.By sharing a pair of GHZ states between communicators,Bob can deduce deterministic key from classic information which was sent by Alice who took entanglement and measurement operation.Compared with other scheme based on GHZ entanglement state,two GHZ states produced by Bob in the proposed scheme and particles are distributed not by Alice,but Bob.Security analysis results show that any eavesdropper can be found in time.The proposed scheme has high distribution efficiency in that all the GHZ states can be used to transmit information except those chosen for checking eavesdroppers,it can reach the distribution efficiency at 60% and simple to operation.
The characteristics of W state are introduced.The coefficients of W state used for quantum key distribution and secret sharing are proved to be uniform in symmetrical form.The corresponding quantum key distribution scheme via W state is proposed.To insure the security of the proposed quantum key distribution protocol, the receiver switches randomly the message mode to control mode asymmetrically.The security of the protocol is discussed.Quantum secret sharing scheme is accordingly proposed.And the security of the schemes is also discussed.Compared with the quantum key distribution and secret sharing schemes with Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ) states,the efficiency of the proposed schemes is low. The purpose of this paper is just to prove that some states except for GHZ states can be used for quantum key distribution and secret sharing.