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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Optical information storage in condensed matter with stochastic excitation

Anne Débarre, Jean‐Pierre Galaup, J. Keller, J.-L. Le Gouët, P. Tchénio

Published Dec 1, 1991• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have performed a temporal structure analysis of subpicosecond signals retrieved in the time domain from a spectral modulation engraved in a photochemical hole-burning material. Two situations are examined experimentally. The first one corresponds to a spectrally programmed stimulated-photon-echo configuration, and the second one corresponds to simple optical data storage. The results are obtained in a sample of octaethylporphine molecules embedded in a polystyrene matrix. Broadband stochastic excitations are used both to write the modulation inside the inhomogeneous width of the ground level of the zero-phonon line and then to read the spectral information. An original field cross-correlation technique is used to sample the retrieved signals.

DOI
10.1364/josab.8.002529

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We have performed a temporal structure analysis of subpicosecond signals retrieved in the time domain from a spectral modulation engraved in a photochemical hole-burning material. Two situations are examined experimentally. The first one corresponds to a spectrally programmed stimulated-photon-echo configuration, and the second one corresponds to simple optical data storage. The results are obtained in a sample of octaethylporphine molecules embedded in a polystyrene matrix. Broadband stochastic excitations are used both to write the modulation inside the inhomogeneous width of the ground level of the zero-phonon line and then to read the spectral information. An original field cross-correlation technique is used to sample the retrieved signals.
In this paper, the concept of holographic storage and reproduction of optical signals is generalized for the case of a spectrally highly selective recording medium, which in addition to fixing the spatial intensity distribution of the incident light is also able to memorize its intensity spectrum. We demonstrate persistent storage, recall and conjugation of picosecond light signals from various model objects by making use of coherent optical responses in photochemically active media. A simple linear theory of holographic storage and playback of both the spatial and the temporal behaviour of the signal is shown to well describe the experimental results obtained by utilizing octaethylporphin-doped polystyrene at 1.8 K as a spectrally selective recording material. The proposed method of time- and space-domain holographic recording provides the storage and reproduction of time-dependent optical signals with a duration of 10-8 to 10-13 sec. This presents unique possibilities for ultrahigh-speed data-storage and optical signal-processing.
It is acknowledged that inhomogeneous absorption bands consisting of narrow homogeneous zero-phonon lines (ZPL) can be used for the purpose of optical data storage in the frequency dimension /1/. Persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) /2,3/ has made it feasible to preserve the recorded frequency domain information for a practically unlimited period of time. Via PSHB the inhomogeneous distribution function of the resonance frequencies of the impurity zero-phonon lines can be altered in an almost arbitrary fashion. This, in turn, makes it possible to manipulate the absorption coefficient and correlated to it index of refraction of the optical storage media. On this basis it has been proposed to use PSHB for the shaping of laser pulses via Fourier synthesis /4/. Holographic storage of time domain optical signals in PSHB media was proposed by Mossberg /5/. In the first experiments on the PSHB time domain holography the reproduction of various temporal shapes of picosecond pulses was demonstrated in dye doped polymers cooled to liquid helium temperature /6/. Earlier Zuikov et al. observed correlation between the temporal shapes of nanosecond excitation laser pulses and photon echo signals /7/. Since that time a variety of experiments on time domain holography in different resonant media have been reported (see /8/ and references therein).
The photon-echo memory[1], or the time-domain optical data storage, resembles the hole-burning memory [2] in that the inhomogeneous absorption line of a material is employed as a storage medium and the information is stored in it as a frequency-dependent absorption change with the resolution determined by the homogeneous width. Having the common memory capacity N given by the inhomogeneous-to-homogeneous width ratio, both types of memories share common problems like low-temperature operation, spectral diffusion and so on. Although a storage medium is common, storage techniques are definitely different for the two memories. The photon-echo memory utilizes the temporal interference effect between a reference pulse and a data pulse and their interference pattern is stored as a population grating in the frequency domain. In this sense this is a time-domain analog of holography where the spatial interference pattern between a reference beam and a data beam is stored in a medium as a population grating in the real space. Like the spatially diffracted beam from the read beam gives the information stored in the hologram, the “temporally diffracted pulse", or the photon echo, after the read pulse can give the information stored in the inhomogeneous distribution.
Optical memories based on spectral hole burning (SHB) and stimulated photon echoes (SPE) are attracting much attention. Both approaches add an extra dimension for addressing (frequency and temporal dimension respectively) to the spatial dimensions. With these concepts the storage density can become 103 – 106 times higher than in conventional optical memories. In both approaches, the ratio of the inhomogeneous line width to the homogeneous line width of the ions activated in the storage process determines the improvement in storage density. Compared to the SHB approach, SPE has certain advantages including high R/W rate and ability to process the stored (spatial as well we temporal) information. Using SPE, the authors have experimentally realised the AND, OR and NOT logical operations [1,2]. Further all optical processing, such as temporal pattern recognition, can be done using SPE.