Laser cooling of rare-earth atoms and precision measurements

N. Kolachevsky

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Ghosh, Pradip N

Galina A. Nemova

This review focuses on optical refrigeration with the anti-Stokes fluorescence of rare-earth (RE)-doped low-phonon micro- and nanocrystals. Contrary to bulk samples, where the thermal energy is contained in internal vibrational modes (phonons), the thermal energy of nanoparticles is contained in both the translational motion and internal vibrational (phonons) modes of the sample. Much theoretical and experimental research is currently devoted to the laser cooling of nanoparticles. In the majority of the related work, only the translational energy of the particles has been suppressed. In this review, the latest achievements in hybrid optical refrigeration of RE-doped low-phonon micro- and nanoparticles are presented. Hybrid cooling permits the suppression of not only the translational energy of the RE-doped particles, but also their internal vibrational phonon thermal energy. Laser cooling of nanoparticles is not a simple task. Mie resonances can be used to enhance laser cooling with the anti-Stokes fluorescence of nanoparticles made of low-phonon RE-doped solids. Laser-cooled nanoparticles is a promising tool for fundamental quantum-mechanical studies, nonequilibrium thermodynamics, and precision measurements of forces.

Hidekazu Hachisu

Fujio Shimizu, Kazuko Shimizu, Hiroshi Takuma

We report in this talk the first demonstration of the laser cooling of a metastatic atomic bean, and the transfer of cooled atoms between two different metastatic states. The laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms have been demonstrated only on alkali atoms. It is of great interest to extend this technique to other atomic species. The standard cooling scheme for those atoms uses the ground state as the lower energy level of the cooling transition. The cooling transtion must have a sizable transition moment and its wavelength must be in the region where a continuous laser is available. Such an excited level can generally be found in alkali, alkali earths. For many transition and rare-earth metals, an adequate excited level can be found only in relatively high excited states.