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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Four-wave mixing in microstructure fiber

Jay E. Sharping, Ayodeji Coker, Marco Fiorentino B, Prem Kumar, Robert S. Windeler

Published Jan 1, 2001• 6 citations

Abstract

Summary form only given. Recently much excitement has been generated over the application of microstructure fibers (MF) in nonlinear optics. We report what we believe is the first controlled FWM experiment in a MF. We demonstrate achieving nondegenerate parametric gain based on phase-matched FWM for a pump wavelength of 782 nm, which is near the /spl lambda//sub 0/ of our microstructure fiber. Since the dispersion characteristics of these fibers can be adjusted during the fabrication process, our experiment demonstrates the potential use of MF in devices such as broadband parametric amplifiers and wavelength shifters. The final goal of our project is to demonstrate quantum correlations in beams generated through FWM in such MF in order to create a source of polarization-entangled photon pairs. Such a device operating near 800 nm could merge nicely with a rubidium based trapped-atom quantum memory.

DOI: 10.1109/cleo.2001.948103

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Summary form only given. Recently much excitement has been generated over the application of microstructure fibers (MF) in nonlinear optics. We report what we believe is the first controlled FWM experiment in a MF. We demonstrate achieving nondegenerate parametric gain based on phase-matched FWM for a pump wavelength of 782 nm, which is near the /spl lambda//sub 0/ of our microstructure fiber. Since the dispersion characteristics of these fibers can be adjusted during the fabrication process, our experiment demonstrates the potential use of MF in devices such as broadband parametric amplifiers and wavelength shifters. The final goal of our project is to demonstrate quantum correlations in beams generated through FWM in such MF in order to create a source of polarization-entangled photon pairs. Such a device operating near 800 nm could merge nicely with a rubidium based trapped-atom quantum memory.

We present a source of correlated photon pairs that relies on spontaneous parametric scattering in microstructure fiber. Quantum correlations are shown between photon pairs that are generated through four-photon scattering where the pump photons are degenerate at a wavelength of 749 nm and the signal and idler photons are nondegenerate at wavelengths of 761 nm and 737 nm, respectively. Careful adjustment of the pump wavelength and polarization are shown to be critical to observing quantum correlations.

We develop a theoretical analysis of four-wave mixing used to generate photon pairs useful for quantum information processing. The analysis applies to a single mode microstructured fibre pumped by an ultra-short coherent pulse in the normal dispersion region. Given the values of the optical propagation constant inside the fibre, we can estimate the created number of photon pairs per pulse, their central wavelength and their respective bandwidth. We use the experimental results from a picosecond source of correlated photon pairs using a micro-structured fibre to validate the model. The fibre is pumped in the normal dispersion regime at 708 nm and phase matching is satisfied for widely spaced parametric wavelengths of 586 and 894 nm. We measure the number of photons per pulse using a loss-independent coincidence scheme and compare the results with the theoretical expectation. We show a good agreement between the theoretical expectations and the experimental results for various fibre lengths and pump powers.

We describe the generation of entangled and hyperentangled photon pairs using a microstructure-fiber Sagnac interferometer, which is formed by a polarizing beam splitter and a highly nonlinear microstructure fiber twisted by 90° from end to end. This interferometer allows two identical four-wave mixing processes to occur on the same fiber principal axis, ensuring perfect spatial and temporal mode matching of the two four-wave mixing outputs on the polarizing beam splitter to create entanglement over the entire four-wave mixing phase-matching spectral range. With an average pump power of 220 μW, we measure a two-photon coincidence rate of 1 kHz with ▵λ = 0.9 nm. Two-photon interference visibilities exceed 91% for polarization-entangled photon pairs generated from this source, and are > 84% for both time-bin and polarization degrees of freedom for hyperentangled photons, all without subtracting accidental coincidences.

We present a systematic experimental study of generating correlated photon pairs using a reversed degenerate four-wave mixing process. By overlapping a pair of parallel- (or cross-) polarized laser pump pulses at conjugate frequencies in a microstructure fiber, parallel- or (cross-) polarized correlated photon pairs are generated at the middle frequency. The generation rate of correlated photons by four-wave mixing with parallel-polarized laser pumps in a 1.8 meter microstructure fiber is comparable or higher than that of a parametric down conversion process in a bulk-crystal at similar pump power levels.

We report efficient generation of correlated photon pairs through degenerate four-wave mixing in a microstructure fiber. With 735.7 nm pump pulses producing correlated signal (688.5 nm) and idler (789.8 nm) photons in a 1.8 m microstructure fiber, we detect photon pairs at a rate of 37.6 kHz with a coincidence/ accidental contrast of 10:1 with deltalambda = 0.7 nm. This is the highest rate to our knowledge reported to date in a fiber-based photon source. The light source is highly nonclassical as defined by the Zou-Wang-Mandel inequality, which is violated by 1100 times the uncertainty.