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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Multiatom squeezed states: a new class of collective atomic states

Stephen Mark Barnett, M.‐A. Dupertuis

Published Apr 1, 1987• 80 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We introduce states of correlated pairs of atoms with the property that the collective atomic dipole operators exhibit squeezing. These multiatom squeezed states are constructed by analogy with the multimode squeezed states and thermofield states of the radiation field. Atoms prepared in a multiatom squeezed state can radiate strongly squeezed light. The production of multiatom squeezing might be possible by using coherent excitation and population trapping techniques.

DOI
10.1364/josab.4.000505

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We introduce states of correlated pairs of atoms with the property that the collective atomic dipole operators exhibit squeezing. These multiatom squeezed states are constructed by analogy with the multimode squeezed states and thermofield states of the radiation field. Atoms prepared in a multiatom squeezed state can radiate strongly squeezed light. The production of multiatom squeezing might be possible by using coherent excitation and population trapping techniques.
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We present a new class of radiation field states which exhibit squeezed fluctuations. This new class of states are formed by a simple implementation of the superposition principle and are fundamentally different from the conventional two-photon coherent squeezed states. We demonstrate the importance of these states as the natural product of the resonant interaction of suitably prepared atoms with the radiation field. We establish a general relationship between reduced quantum fluctuations of these field states and the dipole fluctuations of the atoms which produce them.
This paper develops a method of manipulating the squeezed atom state to generate a few-photon state whose phase or photon-number fluctuations are prescribed at our disposal. The squeezed-atom state is a collective atomic state whose quantum fluctuations in population difference or collective dipole are smaller than those of the coherent atom state. It is shown that the squeezed-atom state can be generated by the interaction of atoms with a coherent state of the electromagnetic field, and that it can be used as a tunable source of squeezed radiation. A variety of squeezed states, including the photon-number squeezed state and the phase squeezed state, can be produced by manipulating the atomic state. This is owing to the fact that quantum-statistical information of the atomic state is faithfully transferred to that of the photon state. Possible experimental situations to implement our theory are discussed.
This paper develops an idea of manipulating the squeezed atom state to generate a few-photon state whose phase or photon-number fluctuations are prescribed at our disposal. The squeezed atom state is a collective atomic state whose quantum fluctuations in population difference or collective dipole are smaller than those of the coherent atom state. It is shown that the squeezed atom state can be generated by the interaction of atoms with a coherent state of the electromagnetic field, and that it can be used as a tunable source of squeezed radiation. A variety of squeezed states including the photonnumber squeezed state and the phase squeezed state can be produced by manipulating the atomic state. This is owing to the fact that quantumstatistical information of the atomic state is faithfully transferred to that of the photon state. Possible experimental situations to implement our theory are discussed.
Recent years have witnessed revolutionary improvement in the production, manipulation, characterization and quantification of multiatom (multiqubit) states - because of their promising applications in high precision atomic clocks, atomic interferrometry, quantum metrology and quantum information protocols. In the characterization and quantification of non-classical atomic correlations, two concepts namely, spin squeezing and quantum entanglement emerge. While spin squeezing originates from the uncertainty relation between atomic collective angular momentum operators, entanglement is a peculiar phenomena arising due to superpositions in the multiparticle Hilbert space. Here, we outline different quantitative measures of spin squeezing and discuss the intrinsic relation of spin squeezing with quantum entanglement in multiqubit systems.
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