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A modified eCK model with stronger security for tripartite authenticated key exchange.

Qingfeng Cheng, Chuangui Ma, Fushan Wei

Published Jan 1, 2010• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Since Bellare and Rogaway presented the first formal security model for authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocols in 1993, many formal security models have been proposed. The extended Canetti-Krawczyk (eCK) model proposed by LaMacchia et al. is currently regarded as the strongest security model for two-party AKE protocols. In this paper, we first generalize the eCK model for tripartite AKE protocols, called teCK model, and enhance the security of the new model by adding a new reveal query. In the teCK model, the adversary has stronger powers, and can learn more secret information. Then we present a new tripartite AKE protocol based on the NAXOS protocol, called T-NAXOS protocol, and analyze its security in the teCK model under the random oracle assumption.

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International Journal of Applied Cryptography•Jan 1, 2010•8 citations
Since Bellare and Rogaway presented the first formal security model for authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocols in 1993, many formal security models have been proposed. The extended Canetti-Krawczyk (eCK) model proposed by LaMacchia et al. is currently regarded as the strongest security model for two-party AKE protocols. In this paper, we first generalize the eCK model for tripartite AKE protocols, called teCK model, and enhance the security of the new model by adding a new reveal query. In the teCK model, the adversary has stronger powers, and can learn more secret information. Then we present a new tripartite AKE protocol based on the NAXOS protocol, called T-NAXOS protocol, and analyze its security in the teCK model under the random oracle assumption.
Two-party key exchange protocol is a mechanism in which two parties communicate with each other over an insecure channel and output the same session key.A key exchange protocol that is secure against an active adversary who can control and modify the exchanged messages is called authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocol.LaMacchia, Lauter and Mityagin presented a strong security definition for public key infrastructure (PKI) based two-pass protocol, which we call the extended Canetti-Krawczyk (eCK) security model, and some researchers have provided eCK-secure AKE protocols in recent years.However, almost all protocols are provably secure in the random oracle model or rely on a special implementation technique so-called the NAXOS trick.In this paper, we present a PKI-based two-pass AKE protocol that is secure in the eCK security model.The security of the proposed protocol is proven without random oracles (under three assumptions), and does not rely on implementation techniques such as the NAXOS trick.
In 2007, LaMacchia et al.proposed the extended Canetti-Krawczyk (eCK) model for authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocols. In this paper, we first modify the eCK model by adding a new query to make the adversary can reveal all ephemeral secret information. Then we propose a new efficient and strongly secure AKE protocol in the asymmetric setting, called E-NETS (enhanced NETS) protocol, and prove its security in the modified eCK (meCK) model under the random oracle assumption and the gap Diffie-Hellman assumption.
In this paper, we propose two authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocols and prove their security in the extended Canetti-Krawczyk model. The first protocol, called NAXOS+, is obtained by slightly modifying the NAXOS protocol proposed by LaMacchia, Lauter and Mityagin [15]. We prove its security under the Computational Diffie-Hellman (CDH) assumption by using the trapdoor test introduced in [6]. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first AKE protocol which is secure under the CDH assumption in the eCK model. The second protocol, called NETS, enjoys a simple and tight security reduction compared to existing schemes including HMQV and CMQV without using the Forking Lemma. Since each session of the NETS protocol requires only three exponentiations per party, its efficiency is also comparable to MQV, HMQV and CMQV.
The extended Canetti-Krawczyk(eCK) model proposed by LaMacchia et al.is currently regarded as the strongest security model for authenticated key exchange(AKE) protocols.In the eCK model,the adversary can make queries on the test session,and reveal both ephemeral private keys,both long-term keys,or one of each from the two different parties.In this paper,we analyze two AKE protocols designed in the eCK model based on the definition of eCK model.We propose ephemeral keys compromised attacks and long-term keys compromised attacks on one of them,and also propose ephemeral keys compromised attacks on the other one.The results of analysis show that both of them are insecure in the eCK model.
Recent work by Krawczyk [10] and Menezes [14] has highlighted the importance of under-standing well the guarantees and limitations of formal security models when using them to prove the security of protocols. In this paper we focus on security models for authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocols. We observe that there are several classes of attacks on AKE protocols that lie outside the scope of the Canetti-Krawczyk model. Some of these additional attacks have already been considered by Krawczyk [10]. In an attempt to bring these attacks within the scope of the security model we extend the Canetti-Krawczyk model for AKE security by providing significantly greater powers to the adversary. Our contribution is a more compact, integrated, and comprehensive formulation of the security model. We then introduce a new AKE protocol called NAXOS and prove that it is secure against these stronger adversaries. 1
In the paper, 'stronger security of authenticated key exchange' (LaMacchia et al., 2006, 2007), a new security model for authenticated key exchange protocols (eCK) is proposed. The new model is suggested to be at least as strong as previous models for key exchange protocols, such as the CK model (Canetti and Krawczyk, 2001; Krawczyk, 2005). The model includes a new notion of an EphemeralKeyReveal adversary query, which is claimed in e.g., LaMacchia et al. (2006), Okamoto (2007), and Ustaoglu (2008), to be at least as strong as the Session-StateReveal query. We investigate the relation between the two models by focusing on the difference in adversary queries. We formally model the NAXOS protocol and a variant of the eCK model, called eCK', in which the EphemeralKeyReveal query is replaced by the Session-StateReveal query. Using Scyther, a formal protocol analysis tool, we automatically find attacks on the protocol, showing that the protocol is insecure in the eCK' model. Our attacks prove that the Session-StateReveal query is stronger than the EphemeralKeyReveal query and that the eCK security model is incomparable to the CK model, disproving several claims made in the literature.