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IEEE Computer Security Foundations Workshop (CSFW)

An efficient non-repudiation protocol

Jianying Zhou, Dieter Gollmann

Published Nov 22, 2002• 151 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Fairness may be a desirable property of a non-repudiation service. Protocols can achieve fairness through the involvement of a trusted third party but the extent of the trusted third party's involvement can vary between protocols. Hence, one of the goals of designing an efficient non-repudiation protocol is to reduce the workload of the trusted third party. In this paper, we present a variant of our fair non-repudiation protocol (1996), where the trusted third party is involved only in the case that one party cannot obtain the expected non-repudiation evidence from the other party. This variant is efficient in an environment where the two parties are likely to resolve communications problems between themselves.

DOI
10.1109/csfw.1997.596801

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Fairness may be a desirable property of a non-repudiation service. Protocols can achieve fairness through the involvement of a trusted third party but the extent of the trusted third party's involvement can vary between protocols. Hence, one of the goals of designing an efficient non-repudiation protocol is to reduce the workload of the trusted third party. In this paper, we present a variant of our fair non-repudiation protocol (1996), where the trusted third party is involved only in the case that one party cannot obtain the expected non-repudiation evidence from the other party. This variant is efficient in an environment where the two parties are likely to resolve communications problems between themselves.
Non-repudiation service is widely employed in information exchange and online transaction. It requires that its participants are unable to deny their involvement in specific protocol. At the same time, the service should keep fairness, which means that no one could take any advantages over the other one. Researchers have introduced a trusted third party (TTP) to realize these demands. Protocols are grouped into several categories according to the degree of TTP's involvement in protocols. Optimistic non-repudiation protocol is the most important method undoubtedly owe to its lower TTP's involvement. There are two questions. One is that whether it is possible to further decrease TTP's involvement or not. A computable optimistic non-repudiation protocol seems to be a good improvement. This is also our paper's basic protocol. The other question is about whether two types of finally evidences that produced by participants (here is Alice and Bob, and we denote this type evidences as the first type evidences) and TTP (or with the help of TTP, and we demote this type evidences as the second type evidences) are identical. If both types of evidences are not exactly the same, then it shows that TTP has taken part in process of protocol. Thus, it is certain that either participants behaved dishonest, or network went wrong. Participants' prestige will be negatively affected more or less. On the contrary, if two types of evidences are identical, then such feelings will be eliminated. This kind of TTP is called transparent TTP. In this paper, we have accomplished an optimistic non-repudiation protocol with the help of transparent TTP based on a computable non-repudiation protocol.
A non-repudiation protocol enables the fair exchange of an electronic message and an irrefutable digital receipt between two mistrusting parties over the Internet. That is, at the end of any execution instance of such a protocol, either both parties obtain their expected items or neither party does . In this paper, we first argue that it is really meaningful in practice to exploit generic fair non-repudiation protocols with transparent off-line trusted third party (TTP). Namely, in those protocols, each involved party could use any secure digital signature algorithm to produce non-repudiation evidences; and the issued evidences are the same regardless of whether the TTP is involved or not. Then, we present such a fair non-repudiation protocol to overcome some limitations and shortcomings in previous schemes. Technical discussions are provided to show that our protocol is not only secure but also the most efficient solution, compared with existing non-repudiation protocols. In addition, some potential extensions are also pointed out.
Non-repudiation is one of the most important premises to achieve electronic commerce while fairness is what people have been chasing during electronic transaction. Fair non-repudiation protocols resolve the question of non-repudiation during the course of transferring information in electronic commerce and make all communicating sides in equal positions. That is to say, the protocols are fair for all sides. In the present paper, a fair multi-party non-repudiation protocol based on a group encryption scheme is introduced. The flow of the protocol and its analysis are given in the paper. In the protocol, every side can not have advantages over other sides, because the advantages can result in great loss of other sides. The method that how to solve the dissension with this protocol is also given in the present paper. A trusted third party is used to generate non-repudiation evidence. With this method the number of exchanged messages is small. So this protocol can achieve non-repudiation service in an efficient and practical way.
Abstract. We present a new theoretical generic protocol that offers non-repudiation services. We first go through the state of the art about non-repudiation. We will see that in order to achieve complete nonrepudiation during an information transfer a trusted third party is often needed (even playing a low weight role), obtaining an acknowledgement from the recipient being the current major problem. We aim to show the possibility of achieving fair non-repudiation services without the need of a third party. We will propose a concrete implementation inspired by this generic protocol. 1