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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Solution of the Schr dinger equation for time-dependent 1D harmonic oscillators using the orthogonal functions invariant

M. Fernández‐Guasti, H. M. Moya-Cessa

Published Feb 12, 2003• 60 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An extension of the classical orthogonal functions invariant to the quantum domain is presented. This invariant is expressed in terms of the Hamiltonian. Unitary transformations which involve the auxiliary function of this quantum invariant are used to solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a harmonic oscillator with time-dependent parameter. The solution thus obtained is in agreement with the results derived using other methods which invoke the Lewis invariant in their procedures.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/36/8/305

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An extension of the classical orthogonal functions invariant to the quantum domain is presented. This invariant is expressed in terms of the Hamiltonian. Unitary transformations which involve the auxiliary function of this quantum invariant are used to solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a harmonic oscillator with time-dependent parameter. The solution thus obtained is in agreement with the results derived using other methods which invoke the Lewis invariant in their procedures.
We show that by using the quantum orthogonal functions invariant, we found a solution to coupled time-dependent harmonic oscillators where all the time-dependent frequencies are arbitrary. This system may be found in many applications such as nonlinear and quantum physics, biophysics, molecular chemistry, and cosmology. We solve the time-dependent coupled harmonic oscillators by transforming the Hamiltonian of the interaction using a set of unitary operators. In passing, we show that N time-dependent and coupled oscillators have a generalized orthogonal functions invariant from which we can write a Ermakov–Lewis invariant.
We show that, by using the quantum orthogonal functions invariant, we are able to solve a coupled of time dependent harmonic oscillators where all the time dependent frequencies are arbitrary. We do so, by transforming the time dependent Hamiltonian of the interaction by a set of unitary operators. In passing, we show that NNN time dependent and coupled oscillators have a generalized orthogonal functions invariant from which we can write a Ermakov-Lewis invariant.
The two quantum invariant operators are found from the time-dependent Hamiltonian of the harmonic oscillator with an auxiliary condition. The solution of the Schr\"odinger equation for the system, such as the eigenfunctions, eigenvalues, and minimum uncertainty, is derived by utilizing these invariant operators. The coherent states of this system are not the squeezed states, and the eigenfunction of the invariant operator is not the eigenfunction of the Hamiltonian of the system unless it is in the invariant representation. The squeezing function, which is an eigenfunction of the Hamiltonian of the system in the invariant representation and which also gives the minimum uncertainty, is obtained by a set of unitary transformed operators, i.e., squeezing operators.
In this work we present the classical and quantum solutions for an arbitrary system of time-dependent coupled harmonic oscillators, where the masses (m), frequencies (ω) and coupling parameter (k) are functions of time. To obtain the classical solutions, we use a coordinate and momentum transformations along with a canonical transformation to write the original Hamiltonian as the sum of two Hamiltonians of uncoupled harmonic oscillators with modified time-dependent frequencies and unitary masses. To obtain the exact quantum solutions we use a unitary transformation and the Lewis and Riesenfeld (LR) invariant method. The exact wave functions are obtained by solving the respective Milne–Pinney (MP) equation for each system. We obtain the solutions for the system with m1 = m2 = m0eγt, ω1 = ω01e-γt/2, ω2 = ω02e-γt/2 and k = k0.