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Nature

Observation of coherent optical information storage in an atomic medium using halted light pulses

Chien Liu, Zachary Dutton, Cyrus H. Behroozi, Lene Vestergaard Hau

Published Jan 1, 2001• 2,215 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1038/35054017

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Abstract The experimental work of Lene Vestergaard Hau and her collaborators demonstrated extraordinary control over the propagation and storage of optical information in ultracold atomic media. In 1999, Hau and colleagues reported reducing the propagation velocity of light pulses in an ultracold sodium atomic gas to approximately 17 meters per second through electromagnetically induced transparency. In 2001, the same research program demonstrated coherent optical information storage using halted light pulses in an atomic medium. These experiments provide an experimentally established example of controlled interaction among light, matter, coherence, and information. This paper examines whether such phenomena can serve as a physical model or analogy for the Universal Balance and Feedback Framework (UBFF), particularly its concepts of interconnected nodes, information transformation, feedback, and system balance. Hau’s experiments do not establish that consciousness is quantum light, nor do they experimentally prove a universal feedback law. Nevertheless, they demonstrate an important physical principle: information encoded in one physical representation can, under controlled conditions, be transferred into another physical system and subsequently retrieved. The paper proposes that the light–matter interaction can be represented as a node-to-node information transformation: "Optical State"→"Atomic Coherence"→"Stored State"→"Retrieved Optical State". This structure provides a potentially useful physical case study for developing UBFF concepts while maintaining a clear boundary between empirical physics and philosophical or theoretical interpretation.
Using on-demand coherence conversion via optical locking, a dynamic coherent control of the collective atom phase has been demonstrated for longer photon storage beyond the critical constraint of spin phase decay time, where the storage time can be extended up to hours in a rare-earth-doped solid. Coherent transient phenomena such as photon echoes have been investigated for frozen phase decay via coherent population transfer using a simple deshelving optical pulse pair. Unlike the rephasing halt applied to two-pulse photon echoes, where optical decoherence is accelerated by spin inhomogeneous broadening, a completely atom phase-locked coherence conversion has been observed in three-pulse photon echoes, resulting in spin dephasing-free coherence control. Here, the mechanism of the atom phase-locked coherence conversion via optical locking has been investigated in a solid medium whose optical transition is imperfect, where partial coherence is lost via optical depth-dependent imperfect population transfer. The relationship between coherence loss and optical depth is analyzed, where nearly perfect photon echo efficiency can be obtained for ultralong photon storage in an optically thick medium.