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New Journal of Physics

Dichromatic light halting using double spin coherence gratings

Byoung Seung HAM, Joonseong Hahn

Published Aug 12, 2011• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Light control by another light has drawn much attention in nonlinear quantum optics. Achieving all-optical control of the refractive index has been a key issue in all-optical information processing. Ultraslow light has been a good candidate for this purpose, where a giant phase shift can be achieved. The recent presentation of stationary light utilizing ultraslow light is an advanced example of such research. The stationary light functions as cavity quantum electrodynamics, where no high-Q-factor mirror pair is needed. In this paper, we report on two-color halted light pulses inside a solid medium, where the trapping time is comparable with that of ultraslow light but is much longer than quantum mapping storage time. The observed two-color halted light is achieved by means of double Raman optical field-excited spin coherence gratings, where slow light enhanced backward nondegenerate four-wave mixing processes play a major role.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/13/8/083012

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Light control by another light has drawn much attention in nonlinear quantum optics. Achieving all-optical control of the refractive index has been a key issue in all-optical information processing. Ultraslow light has been a good candidate for this purpose, where a giant phase shift can be achieved. The recent presentation of stationary light utilizing ultraslow light is an advanced example of such research. The stationary light functions as cavity quantum electrodynamics, where no high-Q-factor mirror pair is needed. In this paper, we report on two-color halted light pulses inside a solid medium, where the trapping time is comparable with that of ultraslow light but is much longer than quantum mapping storage time. The observed two-color halted light is achieved by means of double Raman optical field-excited spin coherence gratings, where slow light enhanced backward nondegenerate four-wave mixing processes play a major role.
We propose the dynamic control of two-color stationary light in a double-lambda four-level system using electromagnetically induced transparency. We demonstrate the complete localization of two-color quantum fields inside a medium using coherence moving gratings resulting from slow-light based atom-field interactions in backward nondegenerate four-wave mixing processes. The quantum coherent control of the two-color stationary light opens a door to deterministic quantum information science which needs a quantum nondemolition measurement, where the two-color stationary light scheme would greatly enhance nonlinearity with increased interaction time.
Ultralong trapping of light has been observed in an optically dense three-level solid medium interacting with a pair of counterpropagating coupling fields. Unlike the light trapping based on standing-wave gratings excited by the same frequency pair of counterpropagating light fields (M. Bajcsy et al., Nature 426, 638 (2003)), the present method uses resonant Raman optical field-excited spin coherence gratings. The observed light trapping time is two orders of magnitude longer than the expected value of the spin dephasing time, where the extended storage time has potential for quantum information processing based on nonlinear optics.
Quantum coherence control of two-pulse photon echoes has been demonstrated for a rephasing halt, resulting in storage-time extension using atom phase-controlled optical deshelving (optical locking) in a backward propagation scheme for the additional benefit of echo intensity enhancement. Compared with conventional forward two-pulse photon echoes, the backward two-pulse photon echo efficiency is enhanced by 15-fold even in a dilute sample, and the storage time is lengthened by spin dephasing time accelerated by spin inhomogeneous broadening. The mechanism of delayed photon echoes via optical locking is due to the temporal hold of the rephasing process by coherent population transfer to a robust spin state.
We reviewed the recent progress on slow and fast lights in solids at room temperature based on moving and stationary refractive index gratings. A dispersive photorefractive phase coupling associated with moving gratings results in slow and fast lights. In principle, such phase-coupling-induced slow and fast lights can be observed in any nonlinear wave mixing process with a dispersive phase coupling effect. The slow and fast lights in the stationary gratings are also discussed. One advantage of the stationary gratings is the possibility to engineer the dispersion slope of the grating through designing the grating structure and parameters. As an example, we show that the dispersion slope of the gratings is enhanced significantly by stratifying a series of identical volume index gratings with homogeneous optical buffer layers sandwiched between every two neighboring grating layers. The slow and fast lights, therefore, can be controlled more effectively in such specifically designed grating structures than in the homogeneous gratings. Another advantage is the high transparency of the slow and fast lights with appropriate grating structure and parameters. Issues such as the pulse broadening effect and the pulse distortion are addressed. The slow and fast light techniques have many important potential applications such as optical delay lines and optical buffers.
We have studied quantum entanglement generation using nonlinear interaction of slowly propagating quantum field in a solid medium. Due to enhanced nonlinearity based on electromagnetically induced transparency and standing light phenomenon, a reversible nondegenerate four-wave mixing processing results in quantum entanglement generation. Our attention is to determine nonlinear perspectives of the entanglement with single photon fields. To accomplish the quantum entanglement based on the slow light involved standing light scheme, non-Doppler broadening has been required, where multiple atomic coherences have been the basis in a time-reversed manner. This study is potential for nonlinear optics application to quantum information science such as quantum computing and quantum memories using macroscopic optical medium.