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International Conference on Computer Sciences and Convergence Information Technology

Quantum User Authentication with Nonentanglement-Based QKD Protocol

Kan Yang, Liusheng Huang, Wei Yang

Published Nov 1, 2007• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a secure user authentication protocol with nonentanglement-based QKD on jammable public channels between two parties, Alice and Bob. First, via an arbitrator (Trent), the protocol provides both quantum authentication and quantum key distribution. Second, due to the registration to the trusted third party and the initial bit string of Alice (or Bob), used for reversing the photon, only Alice (or Bob) could make the operation according to IA(or IB) . In other words, the protocol also provides quantum signature.

DOI
10.1109/iccit.2007.136

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In this paper, we propose a secure user authentication protocol with nonentanglement-based QKD on jammable public channels between two parties, Alice and Bob. First, via an arbitrator (Trent), the protocol provides both quantum authentication and quantum key distribution. Second, due to the registration to the trusted third party and the initial bit string of Alice (or Bob), used for reversing the photon, only Alice (or Bob) could make the operation according to IA(or IB) . In other words, the protocol also provides quantum signature.
In this paper, we propose a secure user authentication protocol with nonentanglement-based QKD on jammable public channels between two parties, Alice and Bob. First, via an arbitrator (Trent), the protocol provides both quantum authentication and quantum key distribution. Second, due to the registration to the trusted third party and the initial bit string of Alice (or Bob), used for reversing the photon, only Alice (or Bob) could make the operation according to IA(or IB) . In other words, the protocol also provides quantum signature.
We propose secure protocols for user authenticated quantum key distribution on jammable public channels between two parties, Alice and Bob. Via an arbitrator, Trent, these protocols provide data integrity and mutual identification of the messenger and recipient. The first three are based on single-photon generation and detection. The first and second require (initially) an unjammable channel between the arbitrator and each party. The third requires one broadcast from the arbitrator, disclosing what type of deterministic modification of the states sent through the quantum channel was done by him. The fourth and fifth protocols are based on two-particle entanglement with a preselection of nonorthogonal superpositions of Bell states. These two protocols also require one broadcast from the arbitrator disclosing the type of entangled state in each sending.
Unconditional security in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) relies on authenticating the identities of users involved in key distribution. While classical identity authentication schemes were initially utilized in QKD implementations, concerns regarding their vulnerability have prompted the exploration of Quantum Identity Authentication (QIA) protocols. In this study, we introduce a new protocol for QIA, derived from the concept of controlled secure direct quantum communication. Our proposed scheme facilitates simultaneous authentication between two users, Alice and Bob, leveraging Bell states with the assistance of a third party, Charlie. Through rigorous security analysis, we demonstrate that the proposed protocol withstands various known attacks, including impersonation, intercept and resend and impersonated fraudulent attacks. Additionally, we establish the relevance of the proposed protocol by comparing it with the existing protocols of similar type.
Based on the entanglement feature of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states, a multi-user quantum key distribution with mutual authentication is proposed. In the protocol, a semi-trusted third party, who may misbehave on its own but will conspire with none of the participants, is introduced to help arbitrary two users on a quantum network to achieve this secure task. Firstly, the third party prepares a three-particle entangled state. Then, he keeps one particle in his hand, and sends two particles to these two users respectively. Meanwhile, a keyed one-way hash function is utilized to generate an authentication message, in terms of which three parties respectively make an appropriate single-particle measurement on the particles in their hands. According to the measurement results, the third party can verify the identity of one user. It implies that one user is able to authenticate the other user with the assistance of the third party. After that, two participants use the remainder measurement results to generate a common session key. Moreover, the practical implementation of the presented protocol is discussed, which illustrates that this protocol is feasible under the current techniques. In the end, the security of the presented protocol is analyzed. It is shown that this protocol is secure in theory by proving that the presented protocol can stand against several common attacks.
Quantum cryptography is considered a solution for sharing secret information in a secure mode. Establishing a quantum security platform into an exciting system requires a package of stable processes. One of these processes is based on creating a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol or sharing a secret key. This paper presents a QKD protocol that utilizes two quantum channels to prepare a shared secret key. The first communication channel will be initiated by entanglement states, where the entangled photons will be emitted by a trusted third party. The second communication channel utilizes the superposition states that will be initiated by the one of the communicated parties. Moreover, the protocol produces a string of random qubits after verifying the communicated legitimate parties during entangled state channels. The produced string will reflect the shared secret key between the users.