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Journal of Lightwave Technology

Slowing of Pulses to c/10 With Subwatt Power Levels and Low Latency Using Brillouin Amplification in a Bismuth-Oxide Optical Fiber

César Jáuregui, Periklis Petropoulos, David John Richardson

Published Jan 1, 2007• 33 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the generation of slow light using Brillouin amplification in a short length of highly nonlinear bismuth-oxide fiber. By using just 2 m of fiber, we demonstrate a five-fold reduction in group velocity for$\sim$200-ns pulses, which we believe to be a record for a slow-light propagation in an optical fiber. Moreover, by virtue of the high nonlinearity per unit length of this fiber, we achieve this at a very modest pump power level of just$\sim$400 mW and with a low inherent device latency of 14 ns. These results highlight both the merits and practicality of using high nonlinearity nonsilica fibers for slow-light devices.

DOI
10.1109/jlt.2006.887185

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We report the generation of slow light using Brillouin amplification in a short length of highly nonlinear bismuth-oxide fiber. By using just 2 m of fiber, we demonstrate a five-fold reduction in group velocity for∼\sim∼200-ns pulses, which we believe to be a record for a slow-light propagation in an optical fiber. Moreover, by virtue of the high nonlinearity per unit length of this fiber, we achieve this at a very modest pump power level of just∼\sim∼400 mW and with a low inherent device latency of 14 ns. These results highlight both the merits and practicality of using high nonlinearity nonsilica fibers for slow-light devices.
All-optical tunable slow light technology has promising applications in all-optical network and optical information process. Tunable slow light based on stimulated Brillouin scattering is experimentally investigated, using highly nonlinear microstructured fiber which is designed and drawn by ourselves. The experiment setup is composed of single pump and a single-stage delay. When the pump power reaches 162.6 mW, a maximum delay of 76 ns, equal to 0.76 pulse width, is achieved in the highly nonlinear microstructured fiber of 120 m in length. In addition, by adjusting the pump power, the tunable slow light can be realized. This scheme of slow light has advantages such as large delay, being all-optical tunable and compatible with optical communications systems.
ct: We introduce a new concept for stimulated-Brillouin-scattering-based slow light in optical fibers that is applicable for broadly-tunable frequency-swept sources. It allows slow light to be achieved, in principle, over the entire transparency window of the optical fiber. We demonstrate a slow light delay of 10 ns at 1.55 μm using a 10-m-long photonic crystal fiber with a source sweep rate of 400 MHz/μs and a pump power of 200 mW. We also show that there exists a maximal delay obtainable by this method, which is set by the SBS threshold, independent of sweep rate. For our fiber with optimum length, this maximum delay is ~38 ns, obtained for a pump power of 760 mW.
All-optical group velocity manipulation of light, so-called slow and fast light, has drawn extensive attention due to its potential applications in the fields of optical signal processing, light storage, light-matter interaction enhancement, hypersensitive sensing and temporal cloak. Tremendous approaches of slow and fast light generation have been widely demonstrated by the creation of the sharp spectral resonances in the past decade. Specifically, superluminal propagation (larger-than-light velocity c) through the optical media has been proposed and validated in anomalous dispersion media. One effective approach is employing stimulated Brillouin scattering to harness the narrowband spectral resonance and thus generate slow and fast light in the optical fiber. In particular, Brillouin lasing oscillation has been experimentally demonstrated to generate fast and superluminal propagation in ten-meter optical fibers. Afterwards, the propagating distance over hundreds of meters has been experimentally demonstrated by the suppression of multiple-longitudinal-mode operation. However, the delay-bandwidth product or the fractional advancement is still fundamentally limited in conventional fast and slow light system. For example, the maximum advancement as well as the fractional temporal advancement are practically restricted due to the Brillouin gain saturation and multiple longitudinal mode lasing operation under high pump power in the Brillouin lasing resonance-based fast and superluminal system. In this paper, we experimentally validate the extension of time advancement of superluminal propagation based on Brillouin lasing oscillation for the first time. By employing two stages of single-frequency Brillouin lasing fiber ring resonators, Stokes lasing resonance was effectively created in each fiber ring cavity to deliver Brillouin-induced loss resonance at the center frequency of pump, which essentially leads to fast light and superluminal propagation of the pump light. Consequently, Gaussian signal pulses with the pulse width of 500 ns experiences cascaded Brillouin-induced fast light and even negative group-velocity superluminal propagation. The temporal advancement was basically extended to 365.8 ns which is twice than that of single stage fast light and superluminal system. Correspondingly, the fractional advancement was increased from 0.36 to 0.73. The maximum group velocity was 6.3 times larger than the light speed c in vacuum while negative-group- velocity propagation can be found in the range of −9.9 to −0.2 by increasing the total input power from 593.2 to 812.0 mW. Furthermore, the group index can be manipulated in the range of 1.5 to −4.0 by simply varying the total input pump power. It indicates superluminal signals can be cascaded to essentially extend the propagation distance and enlarge the temporal advancement. The scheme exhibits robustness in cascading Brillouin spectral loss resonance for temporal advancement enhancement as well as propagating distance extension. More importantly, the cascading design could basically eliminate the fundamental limitation introduced by Brillouin gain saturation and multiple longitudinal lasing mode under high power operation in single stage Brillouin fast and superluminal system. Further optimization could also be implemented by utilizing the nonstandard specialty fibers as Brillouin gain medium to achieve an efficient Brillouin lasing resonance for an enhanced advancement efficiency. Additionally, the combination with the cascading technique and long-cavity single-frequency Brillouin lasing resonance could enable the feasibility of distance-limitless and large-advancement superluminal propagation, paving a way for promising applications in sensing and temporal cloak.