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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Robust multi-partite multi-level quantum protocols

Hideomi Nihira, Carlos R. Stroud

Published Dec 10, 2005• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We present two three-level tripartite state quantum protocols. Utilization of the entangled mixed state shared between any two parties for quantum key distribution is shown. The realization using photon orbital angular momentum is discussed.
DOI
10.1109/qels.2005.1548658

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We present a quantum protocol utilizing a tripartite three-level state. The state used in this scheme contains entanglement even after one system is traced out and as a result can be used for both a secret-sharing protocol among the three parties and a quantum-key-distribution protocol between any two parties. We show how to utilize this residual entanglement for quantum-key-distribution purposes, and explore a possible realization of the scheme using entanglement of orbital-angular-momentum states of photons.
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Multiprotocol quantum key distribution (mQKD) enables users to flexibly select protocols for secure quantum communication, though achieving mQKD introduces considerable system complexity and resource demands. Here, we report the first realization of mQKD using a metasurface, which generates multiple hybrid states of photonic spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) and distributes them to different users. The incident polarization-entangled photon pair interacts with the metasurface, producing four SAM-OAM hybrid states with high fidelity through spin-orbit conversion. Among these hybrid states, two execute the BB84 protocol, while the other two perform the BBM92 protocol, all demonstrating high secret key rates and low quantum bit error rates. This approach provides a robust, compact solution for generating and distributing SAM-OAM hybrid states and stands out for the remarkable capability of a metasurface in secured information processing.