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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Photon statistics of a CW dye laser with and without internal etalons

F. Davidson, Chung-Min Chao, F. K. Tittel, John P. Hohimer

Published Apr 1, 1974• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Measurements were made to determine the photocount statistics and photocount correlations of a CW dye laser operated with and without internal etalons to achieve narrow linewidth. In addition, estimates of the mean laser light intensity as a function of time were made from photocount count records and the use of a newly developed stochastic estimation procedure.

DOI
10.1109/jqe.1974.1068153

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Measurements were made to determine the photocount statistics and photocount correlations of a CW dye laser operated with and without internal etalons to achieve narrow linewidth. In addition, estimates of the mean laser light intensity as a function of time were made from photocount count records and the use of a newly developed stochastic estimation procedure.
The relative mean square fluctuations $\frac{〈{(\ensuremath{\Delta}I)}^{2}〉}{{〈I〉}^{2}}$ of the intensity III of a single-mode dye laser have been measured by a photon counting technique, in the region from about threshold to intensities 1000 times below threshold. The results show a steady increase of $\frac{〈{(\ensuremath{\Delta}I)}^{2}〉}{{〈I〉}^{2}}$ from less than 1 to about 150 as 〈I〉〈I〉〈I〉 is reduced, followed by a rapid drop to zero. This behavior appears to be described fairly well by an equation of motion containing both additive spontaneous emission fluctuations and multiplicative pumping fluctuations.
The probability distribution p(n)p(n)p(n) for the detection of nnn photons emitted by a single-mode dye laser in a short time at various excitations is measured, together with the distribution of time intervals between pairs of detected photons. The first measurement yields the probability density p(I)\mathcal{p}(I)p(I) and the moments of the light intensity III, and the second one the two-time intensity-correlation function. Measurements are also performed at three different wavelengths. p(I)\mathcal{p}(I)p(I) is found to have a two-component structure, and the relative intensity fluctuations $\frac{〈{(\ensuremath{\Delta}I)}^{2}〉}{{〈I〉}^{2}}$ grow, apparently without limit, as the excitation tends to zero, so that no thermal state is reached. A possible explanation in terms of pumping fluctuations is discussed. The correlation function has the form of a sum of three exponential functions, and the amplitudes and decay constants of the three components are derived. The effective decay-time constant exhibits a thirteenth-power-law dependence on frequency of the laser light.