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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Quantum critical dynamics of S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic heisenberg chains studied in CuPzN by ESR

A. A. Validov, E M Lavrentyeva, Mykhaylo Ozerov, Sergei A. Zvyagin, Mark M. Turnbull, C.P. Landee, G. B. Teǐtel'Baum

Published Jan 1, 2010• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We found the dramatic crossover of the quantum critical dynamics of the chain antiferromagnet CuPzN which manifests itself in a change of symmetry properties of the ESR lineshape at low temperatures. We argue that such a crossover reveals the subtle interplay of two different perturbations of the isotropic Heisenberg model: i) the exchange anisotropy and ii) the staggered magnetic field induced by alternating g-factors of nonequivalent Cu sites of the unit cell of this compound. We estimate the magnitude of these perturbations, which drive the system from the ideal Tomonaga-Luttinger-Liquid state to the state with the field-induced gapped spin excitation spectrum.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/200/2/022070

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We found the dramatic crossover of the quantum critical dynamics of the chain antiferromagnet CuPzN which manifests itself in a change of symmetry properties of the ESR lineshape at low temperatures. We argue that such a crossover reveals the subtle interplay of two different perturbations of the isotropic Heisenberg model: i) the exchange anisotropy and ii) the staggered magnetic field induced by alternating g-factors of nonequivalent Cu sites of the unit cell of this compound. We estimate the magnitude of these perturbations, which drive the system from the ideal Tomonaga-Luttinger-Liquid state to the state with the field-induced gapped spin excitation spectrum.
We present a 13C^{13}\text{C}13C NMR study of the magnetic field driven transition to complete polarization of the S=12S=\frac{1}{2}S=21​ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain system copper pyrazine dinitrate Cu(C4H4N2)(NO3)2\text{Cu}({\text{C}}_{4}{\text{H}}_{4}{\text{N}}_{2}){({\text{NO}}_{3})}_{2}Cu(C4​H4​N2​)(NO3​)2​ (CuPzN). The static local magnetization as well as the low-frequency spin dynamics, probed via the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate ${T}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, were explored from the low to the high field limit and at temperatures from the quantum regime (kBT⪡J)({k}_{B}T⪡J)(kB​T⪡J) up to the classical regime (kBT⪢J)({k}_{B}T⪢J)(kB​T⪢J). The experimental data show very good agreement with quantum Monte Carlo calculations over the complete range of parameters investigated. Close to the critical field, as derived from static experiments, a pronounced maximum in ${T}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ is found which we interpret as the finite-temperature manifestation of a diverging density of zero-energy magnetic excitations at the field-driven quantum critical point.
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This article is a review of the recent achievements in experimental studies of magnetic excitations in the copper pyrimidine dinitrate [PM–Cu(NO3)2(H2O)2]n (PM = pyrimidine), an S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic chain material with an alternating g-tensor and the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, by means of high-field electron spin resonance (ESR). Due to this alternation, in the 1D critical regime this material exhibits a field-induced gap. The excitation spectrum is formed by solitons and their bound states, breathers, and can be effectively described using the sine-Gordon model. With increasing temperature, the soliton-breather regime can be suppressed, resulting in a substantial evolution of ESR parameters. These changes can be described using a new theoretical concept recently proposed for S = 1/2 AF chains with a staggered transverse field. High magnetic field induces a transition into the spin-polarized state with the excitation spectrum formed by magnons. Nonmonotonous behavior of the field-induced gap is observed in vicinity of the saturation field. Experimental data are compared with results of existing theoretical approaches, revealing excellent agreement with predictions.
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