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Optics Letters

Raman-induced gratings in atomic media

Vasily G. Arkhipkin, S. A. Myslivets

Published May 22, 2014• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A novel type of electromagnetically induced gratings based on the Raman nonlinearity in the field of standing pump waves are proposed. Unlike electromagnetically induced absorption gratings, these gratings are based on the spatial modulation of Raman susceptibility. We present a theoretical study of the optical response of such a spatial periodically modulated three-level atomic medium. It is shown that transmission and reflection of a probe Raman wave can be simultaneously amplified in the grating. Transmission and reflection spectra can be controlled by varying the pump field intensity. The basic mechanism responsible for all-optical control of transmission and reflection in the samples of Raman driven atoms are discussed.

DOI
10.1364/ol.39.003223

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A novel type of electromagnetically induced gratings based on the Raman nonlinearity in the field of standing pump waves are proposed. Unlike electromagnetically induced absorption gratings, these gratings are based on the spatial modulation of Raman susceptibility. We present a theoretical study of the optical response of such a spatial periodically modulated three-level atomic medium. It is shown that transmission and reflection of a probe Raman wave can be simultaneously amplified in the grating. Transmission and reflection spectra can be controlled by varying the pump field intensity. The basic mechanism responsible for all-optical control of transmission and reflection in the samples of Raman driven atoms are discussed.
The spectral properties of an electromagnetically induced grating that is based on the spatial modulation of the Raman gain in the field of a standing pump wave in a three-level homogeneous medium have been discussed. It has been shown that, by varying the intensity or the frequency of the pump field, one can control the transmission and reflection spectra, while the transmission and reflection coefficients of the probe (Raman) wave can simultaneously be greater than unity. The influence of the nonideality of the standing wave on the spectral characteristics of the grating has been studied.
We consider dynamically controllable periodic structures (gratings), resulting from Raman interaction of a weak probe field with a standing-wave pump and a second control laser field in four-level atomic media of NNN type. The gratings under study are induced due to periodic spatial modulation of the Raman gain in a standing pump field and fundamentally differ from the ones based on electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that spectral and transmission properties of these gratings can be controlled with the help of an additional weak field (control field) by varying its intensity or frequency. Small variations of the control field intensity can change the system from opaque to transparent and vice versa and this structure can operate as an all-optical transistor. Such a structure can also be used as a tunable nonlinear mirror with amplification.
Abstract We study light-pulse propagation in a dynamically controllable periodic structure (grating) resulting from Raman interaction of a weak probe pulse with a standing-wave pump and a second control laser field in N-type four-level atomic media. The grating is induced due to periodic spatial modulation of the Raman gain in a standing pump field (Raman gain grating). We show that it is possible to control both the probe pulse amplitude and the group velocity of the pulse from subluminal to superluminal by varying the pump or control field. Such a grating is of interest for all-optical switches and transistors.
We propose and analyze an efficient scheme for the one- and two-dimensional atomic gratings based on periodic spatial modulation of the Raman gain and dispersion, which we name the Raman-induced diffraction gratings (RIDGs). There are fundamentally different from those based on electromagnetically induced transparency. As the probe field propagates along the direction normal to the standing pump wave, it can be effectively diffracted into high-order directions. The grating is a hybrid grating, i.e. it represents a mixture of amplitude and phase gratings. We identify the conditions when all high-order diffractions are amplified. In addition, we also show that diffraction of a probe field could be dynamically controlled using an additional laser field. With its help, it is possible to suppress or amplify diffraction beams. The RIDGs can be considered as all-optical multibeam splitters with amplification.
We demonstrate a scheme for coherently induced grating based on a mixture of two three-level atomic species interacting with two standing-wave fields. As a result of interaction between the absorptive and amplified Raman resonances, the refractive index of the medium can be enhanced and modulated periodically. Then a sinusoidal grating, which can diffract the probe field into high-order directions, is coherently formed in the medium. The proposed scheme is theoretically investigated in a mixture of atomic isotopes of rubidium. The results show that the diffraction efficiency depends strongly on the two two-photon detunings of the two Raman transitions and the intensities of the two driving standing-wave fields. The proposed electromagnetically induced grating scheme may be applied to the all-optical switching and beam splitting in optical networking and communication.
Abstract A probe laser beam can be completely absorbed in an atomic resonance frequency region, however, if a coupling laser beam is further applied to the atom, the atomic medium can exhibit electromagnetically induced transparency, i.e the probe beam can be completely transmitted through the atomic medium. Thus, if the coupling beam is a standing wave field with nodes and antinodes, it will cause in space a periodic modulation of the transmitted spectrum of the probe field. This means that the probe field propagates through the atomic medium just as it passes through a diffraction grating which is called electromagnetically induced grating. Based on amplitude or phase modulation of transmission function, the absorption grating or the phase grating can be formed, respectively. In this work, based on controllable absorption and dispersion properties of a three-level V-type atomic system, we study the control of the absorption grating and the phase grating with respect to the intensity and the frequency of the laser fields. The absorption diffraction pattern at the two-photon resonance is obtained, while the phase diffraction pattern appears when there is a frequency shift of either the coupling frequency or the probe frequency compared to the corresponding atomic resonance frequency. By adjusting the coupling or/and probe laser frequency, the absorption grating can be converted into the phase grating and the high-order diffraction efficiency can also be improved.