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International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

Towards hybrid diamond optical devices

Brant C. Gibson, Stefania Castelletto, Timothy J Karle, Snjezana Tomljenovic‐Hanic, Igor Aharonovich, Brett C. Johnson, Julius O. Orwa, Matthew R. Henderson, Heike Ebendorff‐Heidepriem, K. Kuan, Shahraam Afshar V., Tanya M. Monro, Andrew D. Greentree, Steven Prawer

Published Jun 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Diamond is emerging as an optical supermaterial, due to its wide transparency bandwidth, excellent thermooptic properties and most notably its stable, large dipole moment, room temperature, single photon emitting colour centres. In this paper we present recent progress in the characterization of non radiative and radiative decay in single impurities and the fabrication of hybrid diamond-tellurite optical structures.. First, we present direct imaging of the emission pattern of individual ion implanted chromium-based single photon emitters in diamond and measure their quantum efficiency. By comparing the decay rates from the single chromium emitters at different depths in the diamond crystal, we measured an average quantum efficiency of 28%. Second, a hybrid approach involving a soft glass tellurite host material has been introduced, allowing nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) diamond emitters to be built into an optical fibre. The potential of integrating Cr-related centres in hybrid optical structures is also discussed.

DOI
10.1109/icton.2011.5970886

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A huge variety of optical colour centres can be found in diamond, emitting in its whole wide transparency range. Although several of these centres have been demonstrated as single-photon emitters, none of them meets all of the requirements of an ideal single-photon source. In this view, we discuss the properties of prominent optical centres, such as the nitrogen vacancy, the silicon vacancy or the so-called NE8 centre, as well as recently found centres ascribed to defects containing Ni, Si, Cr and Xe. Besides suitable intrinsic properties, it is necessary for practical applications that optical centres can be created artificially on demand. Of all known methods, only ion implantation allows for the most controlled creation of such defect centres. In this paper, we discuss how nanoscalability, that is, the nanometre placement and the deterministic creation of optical centres, can, could or cannot be achieved by the available ion implantation techniques. A fine analysis of individual optical centres is now possible, thanks to the recently developed subdiffraction optical microscopy methods.
We present direct imaging of the emission pattern of individual chromium-based single photon emitters in diamond and measure their quantum efficiency. By imaging the excited state transition dipole intensity distribution in the back focal plane of high numerical aperture objective, we determined that the emission dipole is oriented nearly orthogonal to the diamond-air interface. Employing ion implantation techniques, the emitters were engineered with various proximities from the diamond-air interface. By comparing the decay rates from the single chromium emitters at different depths in the diamond crystal, an average quantum efficiency of 28% was measured.
Diamond, prized as both a gemstone and a cutting and polishing material, has recently been recognised for another remarkable property, a host of optically active colour centre defects. With the rise of interest in these colour centres, due to the unique optical properties, comes a need for interfacing with other optical platforms. Recent advances have attempted to fabricate optical structures from the diamond itself, or to combine these colour centres with the well-known fabrication techniques of other materials by placing nanodiamond crystals on the surface of other structures, such as microdisks, microspheres, and optical fibres. This thesis presents a new approach to this integration by demonstrating the fabrication of a hybrid nanodiamond-glass material. This technique embeds the nanodiamond within the optical structure, offering interaction with the bound optical fields, protection, and ease of fabrication. A range of optical structures has previously been fabricated from the chosen glass, tellurite, and fabrication of an optical fibre is demonstrated here. Also presented is the derivation of a model describing coupling of an emitter to an optical fibre. While used here to investigate coupling of diamond colour centres to the optical fibre modes, it is more generally applicable to any emitter. These results show the first steps of a new approach to diamond integrated photonics.
We present direct imaging of the emission pattern of individual chromium-based single photon emitters in diamond and measure their quantum efficiency. By imaging the excited state transition dipole intensity distribution in the back focal plane of high numerical aperture objective, we determined its 3D orientation. Employing ion implantation techniques, the emitters were placed at various distances from the diamond-air interface. By comparing the decay rates from the single chromium emitters at different depths in the diamond crystal, we measured an average quantum efficiency of 28%.