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Lettere al nuovo cimento della societa italiana di fisica/Lettere al nuovo cimento

Superheavy electronic molecules

Johann Rafelski A, Berndt Müller, Walter Greiner

Published Jul 1, 1972• 19 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf02757147

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arXiv:2607.09064•Jul 10, 2026•0 citations
We have observed the 1S—3S and 1S—3D Doppler-free two-photon transitions in atomic hydrogen using a powerful narrow-band tunable light source at 205 nm. The excitation is monitored by looking at the fluorescent light emitted on the Balmer α transition. By this method we have been able to detect atomic hydrogen and atomic deuterium at low density (around 107-108 at/cm3). One of the possible applications of this method is the search of superheavy hydrogen atoms. These atoms composed of a heavy proton and an electron are predicted by some supersymmetry theories.1 Because of their important mass shift, they should be easily distinguishable from hydrogen, deuterium, or tritium. Using a preliminary centrifugation, we believe that we can improve the present limit (~10−15) on the abundance of these superheavy atoms.
The synthesis of superheavy elements in the laboratory through ion collisions requires multi-billion-dollar infrastructure and decades of research, resulting in the isolation of isotopes with fractional-second half-lives. This article proposes an inverse paradigm for chemical exploration: computational predictive simulation using Quantum Artificial Intelligence. Employing IBM's Qiskit platform, six independent Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) were developed to model the electron distribution in the (s, p, d, f, g, h) orbitals. By training the model with the 118 known elements of the periodic table, we extrapolated the probabilistic behavior of matter to infer the structure of the hypothetical element Z=125 (provisionally designated as "Roblidium"). We demonstrate that Quantum Machine Learning (QML) can reduce the theoretical search space, offering a computational roadmap that could decrease the time and experimental costs of discovering new materials.
We investigate the dynamics of a dark-bright soliton in harmonically trapped two-component Bose-Einstein condensates and reveal an interesting spontaneous spatial symmetry breaking driven by nonlinear interactions. When the interaction parameter crosses a threshold value, we find that the dark-bright soliton's motion demonstrates a transition from symmetric periodic oscillation about the origin to asymmetric oscillations offset from the origin. In particular, at the transition point, the effective soliton mass, determined by the ratio of inertial mass to physical mass, diverges. The underlying mechanism is uncovered by constructing trial wave functions and employing the Lagrangian variational method to obtain an effective potential in the quasiparticle picture, which changes from a single well to a double well. The anomalous ``superheavy soliton'' phenomenon is a direct consequence of the dark-bright soliton's physical mass vanishing at the transition point. We obtain the phase diagram of this spatial symmetry-breaking transition. Possible implications of our finding for quantum metrology are discussed.