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Optics and Spectroscopy

New type of instability of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a trap due to the onlocal interaction of atoms

Nikolay N. Rosanov, В. А. Смирнов, Vera D. Vinokurova

Published Mar 1, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown analytically that, in a trap filled by a Bose-Einstein condensate of atoms with a negative S -scattering length, there exists an instability caused by the nonlocal interaction of atoms. For this effect to be efficiently discovered experimentally, it is necessary to considerably decrease the absolute value of the scattering length using the Feshbach effect.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x0903014x

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It is shown analytically that, in a trap filled by a Bose-Einstein condensate of atoms with a negative S -scattering length, there exists an instability caused by the nonlocal interaction of atoms. For this effect to be efficiently discovered experimentally, it is necessary to considerably decrease the absolute value of the scattering length using the Feshbach effect.
The point of instability of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) due to attractive interactions was studied. Stable 85Rb BECs were created and then caused to collapse by slowly changing the atom-atom interaction from repulsive to attractive using a Feshbach resonance. At a critical value, an abrupt transition was observed in which atoms were ejected from the condensate. By measuring the onset of this transition as a function of number and attractive interaction strength, we determined the stability condition to be N(absolute value of a) / a(ho) = 0.459+/-0.012+/-0.054, slightly lower than the predicted value of 0.574.
We discuss the response of a Bose-Einstein condensate to a change in the scattering length, which is experimentally realized by tuning the magnetic field near a Feshbach resonance. In particular, we consider the collapse of the condensate induced by a sudden change in the scattering length from a large positive to a small negative value. We also consider the condensate dynamics that results from a single pulse in the magnetic field, due to which the scattering length is rapidly increased from zero to a large value and then after some time rapidly decreased again to its initial value. We focus primarily on the consequences of the quantum evaporation process on the dynamics of the Bose-Einstein condensate, but also discuss the effects of atom-molecule coherence.
We discuss Bose-Einstein condensation in a trapped atomic gas and analyze how the sign of the scattering length a and the ratio \ensuremath{\eta} of the interaction between particles to the level spacing in the trap influence the behavior of the condensate wave function ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{0}$. We find that for a<0a<0a<0 and $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\ll}1$ it is possible to form a metastable Bose condensate, with a long characteristic lifetime with respect to contraction and transitions of particles to excited trap states. For $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\gg}1$ a negative scattering length prevents the formation of the condensate. If a>0a>0a>0, then an increase of density is accompanied by the evolution of ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{0}$ to a comparatively wide quasihomogeneous distribution.
We study properties of the ground state of a bosonic gas of atoms in a tight trap. The atoms interact via model molecular potentials that may have either positive or negative scattering lengths. We discuss the possibility of Bose-Einstein condensation in such a system. We show that when the size of the trap becomes comparable to the correlation length of the condensate, stable Bose-Einstein condensation might occur independent of the sign of the scattering length. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.