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Optical Fiber Communication Conference

Orthogonal Phase Quadratures Conversion to Different Wavelengths Through Phase-Sensitive Four Wave Mixing in an Highly Nonlinear Fiber

Francesco Da Ros, Pachito Marco Calabrese, Ning Kang, E. Palushani, Christophe Peucheret

Published Jan 1, 2013• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Phase-sensitive processes exploiting FWM in an HNLF allow simultaneously converting two orthogonal quadratures of an optical signal to different wavelengths. Conversion efficiencies to two 90°-phase-shifted idlers exceeding 10 dB of phase-sensitive extinction ratio are obtained experimentally.
DOI
10.1364/ofc.2013.ow4c.3

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We theoretically and experimentally study the principle of phase-sensitive frequency conversion in a highly-nonlinear fiber using three pump waves. This mechanism, originally demonstrated with four continuous-wave pumps and a signal wave, is based on four-wave mixing and enables to convert the two quadrature components of the signal to different frequencies. In this work, we derive a set of two simple equations to describe this mechanism and find analytic solutions. We show that only three pumps are required, instead of four as originally proposed. We give simple relations to determine the initial conditions for the power levels and the phases of the pumps. To validate this approach, we perform an experimental demonstration of the three-pump scheme and find excellent agreement with the theory.
A scheme for detecting the phase of an incoming optical signal is systematically optimized and demonstrated experimentally. It makes use of four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear fiber but differs from a phase-sensitive amplifier by its focus on phase detection, rather than on phase-dependent noise reduction. This experimental setup combines the signal with its phase-conjugated idler at the same frequency, before sending the combination to a photodetector. Experimental results show that the ratio of maximum and minimum currents can exceed 1000 even at a relatively low pump power of 10 mW. The proposed scheme may be useful for detecting the signal phase in coherent communication systems without the need of heterodyne detection.
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Optical parametric amplifiers rely on second-order susceptibility (three-wave mixing) or third-order susceptibility (four-wave mixing) in a nonlinear process where the energy of incoming photons is not changed (elastic scattering). In the latter case, two pump photons are converted to a signal and to an idler photon. Under certain conditions, related to the phase evolution of the waves involved, this conversion can be very efficient, resulting in large amplification of an input signal. As the nonlinear process can be very fast, all-optical applications aside from pure amplification are also possible. If the amplifier is implemented in an optical input-phase-sensitive manner, it is possible to amplify a signal wave without excess noise, i.e., with a noise figure of 0 dB. In this paper, we will provide the fundamental concepts and theory of such amplifiers, with a focus on their implementation in highly nonlinear optical fibers relying on four-wave mixing. We will discuss the distinctions between phase-insensitive and phase-sensitive operation and include several experimental results to illustrate their capability. Different applications of parametric amplifiers are also discussed, including their use in optical communication links.
Phase-sensitive parametric processes based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in third-order nonlinear media are attractive for the demonstration of numerous functionalities including low-noise amplification, high-sensitivity detection and signal phase quantization with applications to e.g. communication and sensing [1]. Until now, such processes have been demonstrated exclusively in single-mode optical fibers and waveguides. Meanwhile, the exploitation of the spatial (transverse) dimension of waveguides is also being explored for such applications, for instance in order to provide a new multiplexing degree of freedom in telecommunications [2]. One open question is whether the use of phase-sensitive processes can be made compatible with optical fibers and waveguides supporting multiple spatial modes. Some (inter-modal) phase-sensitive processes have been numerically investigated in few-mode fibers (FMFs) [3]. However, to the best of our knowledge, no experimental demonstration of phase-sensitive processes in FMFs has been reported so far. In this work, we demonstrate experimentally intra-modal phase-sensitive FWM, separately in two modes (LP01\text{LP}_{01}LP01​andLP11\text{LP}_{11}LP11​), in a 2-km long step-index FMF [4] supporting 4 LP-modes at 1550 nm.