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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Optical bistability in axially modulated Omniguide fibers

Marin Soljacic A, Elefterios Lidorikis, Mihai Ibanescu A, Steven G. Johnson, Shanhui Fan, Chiyan Luo, Yoel Fink, John D. Joannopoulos

Published Nov 15, 2004• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Through detailed computational experiments, and an analytical model, we predict optical bistability behavior at few tens of mWs in axially modulated OmniGuide fibers, using instantaneous Kerr nonlinearity. We solve the full non-linear Maxwell's equations numerically (with minimal physical approximations) to demonstrate optical bistability in a photonic crystal (PC) fiber-device.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe.2003.1312313

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Feb 11, 2005•0 citations
Through detailed computational experiments, and an analytical model, we predict optical bistability behavior at few tens of mWs in axially modulated OmniGuide fibers, using instantaneous Kerr nonlinearity. We solve the full non-linear Maxwell's equations numerically (with minimal physical approximations) to demonstrate optical bistability in a photonic crystal (PC) fiber-device.
Effect of relaxation time on the performance of photonic crystal optical bistable switches based on Kerr nolinearity is discussed. This paper deals with optical pulses with the duration of about 50 ps. In such cases the steady state response of the optical device can be used to approximate the pulse evolution if the nonlinearity is assumed instantaneous, hence analytical solutions such as the coupled mode theory can be used to obtain the time evolution of the electromagnetic fields. However if the relaxation time of the material nonlinear response is also considered, changes in the power levels and in the shape of the hystersis loop is observed. In this case, we use the nonlinear finite difference time domain method (NL-FDTD) to follow the system dynamics and get the bistability hystersis loop. Codes are developed to analyze the instantaneous Kerr materials and the Kerr materials with finite response times. Depending on the material, the relaxation times of the order of 1-10fs should be considered in studying bistability to obtain the right shape of the output pulses. It is observed that the relaxation leads to larger input power and threshold and hence degrades the performance of the switch in pulse shaping.
We present an analytical model and numerical experiments to describe optimal bistable switching involving photonic crystals nonlinear cavity. The involving photonic crystals nonlinear cavity is particularly suitable for large-scale all-optical integration. It is interesting to show that the refractive index of the system can be altered by the incident intensity when the incident frequency is tuned to the evanescent mode and the cavity contains a nonlinear Kerr medium. The response of this system to high-intensity incident waves is studied in detail. A cavity host a localized mode at 1.55 um with a Q of 4000 and a mode volume of 0.055 um3, we predict the onset of bistable reflection at incident powers of ~40 mW. The downstream reflections lead to hysteresis loops in the reflectivity that are topologically distinct from conventional Lorentzian-derived loops characteristic of isolated Fabry-Perot cavities. We provide a stability argument that reveals the unstable branches of these unique hysteresis loops, and we illustrate some of the rich bistable behaviors that can be engineered with such downstream sources, this fact may be used to obtain more flexibility in designing nonlinear devices.