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International Journal of Quantum Information

NONLOCAL CLONING FOR A STATE NEAR A GIVEN ONE WITH SINGLE-PHOTON INTERFERENCE

Yang Shao, Y. H. Zhou, Ai‐Dong Zhu

Published Oct 1, 2009• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A linear optical scheme is proposed for implementing a nonlocal cloning machine which copies a state near a given one with single-photon interference. We combine the advantages of photons and atoms by adopting two three level atoms as the storing qubits and a polarized photon as the flying qubit, and the photon loss events are also considered. With our present scheme, a high-fidelity cloning machine is realized at the expense of the success probability.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749909005663

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A linear optical scheme is proposed for implementing a nonlocal cloning machine which copies a state near a given one with single-photon interference. We combine the advantages of photons and atoms by adopting two three level atoms as the storing qubits and a polarized photon as the flying qubit, and the photon loss events are also considered. With our present scheme, a high-fidelity cloning machine is realized at the expense of the success probability.
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By virtue of single-photon interference, we present how to realize a nonlocal NNN-qubit conditional phase gate, which might be quite useful for the synthesis of arbitrary entangled quantum states of remote qubits required by distributed quantum information processing. Without considering photon loss, our scheme would work in a repeat-until-success fashion with an automatic feedback line added. Even by taking photon loss into consideration, only the success probability is affected, not the gate fidelity.
Quantum cloning relates to the security of quantum computation and quantum communication. In this paper, firstly we propose a feasible unified scheme to implement optimal 1 → 2 universal, 1 → 2 asymmetric and symmetric phase-covariant cloning, and 1 → 2 economical phase-covariant quantum cloning machines only via a beam splitter. Then 1 → 3 economical phase-covariant quantum cloning machines also can be realized by adding another beam splitter in context of linear optics. The scheme is based on the interference of two photons on a beam splitter with different splitting ratios for vertical and horizontal polarization components. It is shown that under certain condition, the scheme is feasible by current experimental technology.
We propose two simple implementations of the optimal symmetric $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{1}2$ phase-covariant cloning machine for qubits. The first scheme is designed for qubits encoded into polarization states of photons and it involves a mixing of two photons on an unbalanced beam splitter. This scheme is probabilistic and the cloning succeeds with the probability 1/3.1/3.1/3. In the second setup, the qubits are represented by the states of Rydberg atoms and the cloning is accomplished by the resonant interaction of the atoms with a microwave field confined in a high-Q cavity. This latter approach allows for deterministic implementation of the optimal cloning transformation.