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Progress of Theoretical Physics

Critical Exponent of the Ising Model in the High Density Limit

Ryuzo Abe

Published Jan 1, 1972• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The system under consideration is the d-dimensional simple hypercubical Ising ferromagnet with nearest-neighbor interaction. A critical exponent γ for the susceptibility is discussed in the high density limit (d →∞), and formal expressions for γ in powers of 1/d are derived. It is shown that the expansion for γ is not determined uniquely, contrary to the case of Curie point. It is suggested that the deviation of γ from mean field result is proportional to exp(-Bd) in the high density limit, and B is estimated by an extrapolation method.

DOI
10.1143/ptp.47.62

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Critical Point Behavior of the Ising Model with Higher-Neighbor Interactions Present

N W Dalton, David W. Wood

The method of developing exact power-series expansions for the partition function ZN and related thermodynamic functions for the Ising model valid below the critical point is generalized to include exchange interactions between first-, second-, and third-neighbor pairs. Expansions of the spontaneous magnetization M0(T) and zero field susceptibility χ0(T) are derived through to sixth order of perturbation for the s.q. lattice, and through to fifth order of perturbation for the Δ′r, b.c.c., s.c., and f.c.c. lattices, when interactions J1SizSjz and J2SkzSlz are present between first- and second-neighbor spins, respectively (second-neighbor model). These expansions have also been obtained for the case where interactions of equal magnitude (J1 = J2 = J3) are present between first-, second-, and third-neighbor pairs (third-equivalent-neighbor model); here expansions through to fifth order of perturbation are obtained for the s.q., Δ′r, b.c.c., and s.c. lattices and through to fourth order for the f.c.c. lattice. The Padé approximant·procedure is employed to discuss the effects of an extended but finite range of interaction on the behavior of M0(T) and χ0(T) for T→Tc− as characterized by the critical exponents β and γ′, respectively. For the second-equivalent-neighbor model lattices, it is found that 0.122 ≤ β ≤ 0.134 in two dimensions, and that 0.308 ≤ β ≤ 0.328 in three dimensions; from which it is concluded that β remains unchanged from its value in the nearest-neighbor model. The corresponding limits for γ′ in three dimensions are 1.18 ≤ γ′ ≤ 1.28; from this and the results for the b.c.c. lattice in particular, it is concluded that γ′ is probably 54 and hence the transition in χ0 is symmetrical about Tc (γ′ = γ). A repetition of this analysis for the third-equivalent-neighbor model three-dimensional lattices shows a marked shift in the estimated range of β and γ′; the results are 0.345 ≤ β ≤ 0.365, and 1.01 ≤ γ′ ≤ 1.14. In each of the above cases, the corresponding high-temperature (T > Tc) expansions of χ0(T) obtained previously have been analyzed to yield estimates of the critical exponent γ. The over-all results and in particular the estimates of γ for the s.q. and b.c.c. lattices suggest that this index is unaffected by extending the range of interaction, and that if γ is a rational fraction then it is the same fraction for the n.n. model and second- and third-equivalent neighbor models. Finally the high-temperature expansions of ZN in zero field, and of χ0(T) for the second-neighbor model are used to examine the dependence of the critical temperature Tc, the critical energy (E∞ − Ec)/kTc, and the critical entropy (S∞ − Sc)/k on the relative strengths of J1 and J2 for values of J2/J1 in the range 0 to 1. It is found that the variation of the critical point is well represented by Tc(α)=Tc(0)[1+m1α],where α = J2/J1 and lies in the range 0 ≤ α ≤ 1; and Tc(0) is the critical temperature of the nearest-neighbor model. The values of m1 are 0.61, 2.47, 0.84, 1.45, and 1.35 for the f.c.c., s.c., b.c.c., s.q., and Δ′r lattices, respectively. All these calculations are compared with the corresponding results for the Heisenberg model.

Journal of Mathematical Physics•Jul 1, 1969•128 citations

Notes on the δ-expansion approach to the 2D Ising susceptibility scaling

Hirofumi Yamada

We study the scaling of the magnetic susceptibility in the square Ising model based upon the delta-expansion in the high temperature phase. The susceptibility chi is expressed in terms of the mass M and expanded in powers of 1/M. The dilation around M=0 by the delta expansion and the parametric extension of the ratio of derivatives of chi, chi^{(ell+1)}/chi^{(ell)} is used as a test function for the estimation of the critical exponent gamma with no bias from information of the critical temperature. Estimation is done with the help of the principle of minimum sensitivity and detailed analysis revealed that ell=0,1 cases provide us accurate estimation results. Critical exponent of the sub-leading scaling term is also estimated.

•Jan 1, 2014•0 citations
The system under consideration is the d-dimensional simple hypercubical Ising ferromagnet with nearest-neighbor interaction. A critical exponent γ for the susceptibility is discussed in the high density limit (d →∞), and formal expressions for γ in powers of 1/d are derived. It is shown that the expansion for γ is not determined uniquely, contrary to the case of Curie point. It is suggested that the deviation of γ from mean field result is proportional to exp(-Bd) in the high density limit, and B is estimated by an extrapolation method.
A systematic expansion method is developed for studying a critical exponent. The expansion parameter in the present theory is 1/n where n is the spin dimensionality. Since the limit n →∞ corresponds to the spherical model, the present method means that the deviation of critical exponent from its spherical model value is expanded in powers of 1/n. The susceptibility exponent γ is discussed and the terms up to 1/n are exactly derived for the d-dimensional simple hypercubical system with nearest-neighbor interaction (d is assumed to take a continuous value). The result is proved to be consistent with recent Wilson's ε expansion.
The susceptibility of the restricted-dimensional (one- or two-dimensional-like) Ising model is analyzed by means of the high temperature series expansion. The exchange interaction in a chain (or plane), and inter chains (or planes) are J and λ J , respectively. The first eight terms in the susceptibility series are explicitly obtained. The critical temperature T c and the critical exponent γ are obtained as a function of λ. It is found that the susceptibility shows restricted-dimensional behavior at high temperature ( T ≫ T c ), and shows three-dimensional behavior in the very vicinity of the critical temperature (T≳TcT{\gtrsim}T_{\text{c}}T≳Tc​) for small λ.
Using results we have previously derived for the high‐temperature susceptibility expansion of classical models as a closed‐form function of lattice dimension, we study the dimensional dependence of the critical exponent γ and critical temperature, as well as the correction‐to‐scaling exponent Δ1, for Ising‐like (n=1) models. The numerical results are obtained by extrapolation of 10‐th order series on loose‐packed hypercubical lattices, and 8‐th order series on close‐packed hypertriangular lattices. The critical exponent γ increases monotonically with decreasing dimension, d, for d<4, and apparently tends to infinity at d=1; while the critical temperature decreases monotonically and smoothly to zero at d=1. Detailed contact is made with the ε‐expansion estimates for critical exponents obtained in the context of renormalization group theory.
The method of developing exact power-series expansions for the partition function ZN and related thermodynamic functions for the Ising model valid below the critical point is generalized to include exchange interactions between first-, second-, and third-neighbor pairs. Expansions of the spontaneous magnetization M0(T) and zero field susceptibility χ0(T) are derived through to sixth order of perturbation for the s.q. lattice, and through to fifth order of perturbation for the Δ′r, b.c.c., s.c., and f.c.c. lattices, when interactions J1SizSjz and J2SkzSlz are present between first- and second-neighbor spins, respectively (second-neighbor model). These expansions have also been obtained for the case where interactions of equal magnitude (J1 = J2 = J3) are present between first-, second-, and third-neighbor pairs (third-equivalent-neighbor model); here expansions through to fifth order of perturbation are obtained for the s.q., Δ′r, b.c.c., and s.c. lattices and through to fourth order for the f.c.c. lattice. The Padé approximant·procedure is employed to discuss the effects of an extended but finite range of interaction on the behavior of M0(T) and χ0(T) for T→Tc− as characterized by the critical exponents β and γ′, respectively. For the second-equivalent-neighbor model lattices, it is found that 0.122 ≤ β ≤ 0.134 in two dimensions, and that 0.308 ≤ β ≤ 0.328 in three dimensions; from which it is concluded that β remains unchanged from its value in the nearest-neighbor model. The corresponding limits for γ′ in three dimensions are 1.18 ≤ γ′ ≤ 1.28; from this and the results for the b.c.c. lattice in particular, it is concluded that γ′ is probably 54 and hence the transition in χ0 is symmetrical about Tc (γ′ = γ). A repetition of this analysis for the third-equivalent-neighbor model three-dimensional lattices shows a marked shift in the estimated range of β and γ′; the results are 0.345 ≤ β ≤ 0.365, and 1.01 ≤ γ′ ≤ 1.14. In each of the above cases, the corresponding high-temperature (T > Tc) expansions of χ0(T) obtained previously have been analyzed to yield estimates of the critical exponent γ. The over-all results and in particular the estimates of γ for the s.q. and b.c.c. lattices suggest that this index is unaffected by extending the range of interaction, and that if γ is a rational fraction then it is the same fraction for the n.n. model and second- and third-equivalent neighbor models. Finally the high-temperature expansions of ZN in zero field, and of χ0(T) for the second-neighbor model are used to examine the dependence of the critical temperature Tc, the critical energy (E∞ − Ec)/kTc, and the critical entropy (S∞ − Sc)/k on the relative strengths of J1 and J2 for values of J2/J1 in the range 0 to 1. It is found that the variation of the critical point is well represented by Tc(α)=Tc(0)[1+m1α],where α = J2/J1 and lies in the range 0 ≤ α ≤ 1; and Tc(0) is the critical temperature of the nearest-neighbor model. The values of m1 are 0.61, 2.47, 0.84, 1.45, and 1.35 for the f.c.c., s.c., b.c.c., s.q., and Δ′r lattices, respectively. All these calculations are compared with the corresponding results for the Heisenberg model.
We study the scaling of the magnetic susceptibility in the square Ising model based upon the delta-expansion in the high temperature phase. The susceptibility chi is expressed in terms of the mass M and expanded in powers of 1/M. The dilation around M=0 by the delta expansion and the parametric extension of the ratio of derivatives of chi, chi^{(ell+1)}/chi^{(ell)} is used as a test function for the estimation of the critical exponent gamma with no bias from information of the critical temperature. Estimation is done with the help of the principle of minimum sensitivity and detailed analysis revealed that ell=0,1 cases provide us accurate estimation results. Critical exponent of the sub-leading scaling term is also estimated.