Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Optical Wigner functions for two-photon entangled wave packets

Y. Ben-Aryeh, Yanhua H. Shih, Morton H. Rubin

Published Oct 1, 1999• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) correlations produced for two-photon entangled wave packets are analyzed by use of optical Wigner functions. In particular, type-II optical parametric downconversion systems are used, and the effects of the length of the crystal and the filter bandwidth on the Wigner functions are studied. The relation between the optical Wigner functions and the interference experiment with a beam splitter is studied. We find that, whereas in first-order correlation experiments (typified, for example, by Young’s interference experiment) the “photon interferes with itself” [ P. A. M. Dirac , The Principles of Quantum Mechanics (Clarendon, Oxford, UK, 1958), p. 9], in the EPR correlations the two-photon amplitude function interferes with itself. Such interference is analyzed by use of the optical Wigner functions.

DOI
10.1364/josab.16.001730

Related papers

EPR experiment and 2-photon interferometry: Report of a 2-photon interference experiment

Yanhua H. Shih, Morton H. Rubin, Alexander V. Sergienko

After a very brief review of the historical Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) experiments, a new two-photon interference type EPR experiment is reported. A two-photon state was generated by optical parametric down conversion. Pairs of light quanta with degenerate frequency but divergent directions of propagation were sent to two independent Michelson interferometers. First and second order interference effectors were studied. Different than other reports, we observed that the second order interference visibility vanished when the optical path difference of the interferometers were much less than the coherence length of the pumping laser beam. However, we also observed that the second order interference behaved differently depending on whether the interferometers were set at equal or different optical path differences.

•Feb 1, 1992•0 citations

Models of a two-photon Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen interference experiment

Morton H. Rubin, Yanhua H. Shih

Models of a two-photon interference experiment proposed by Franson to study the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) effect are presented. The experiment considers a pair of photons correlated in time and in frequency, each of which is passed through an interferometer. When the path difference through the two interferometers is set so there is no first-order interference, Franson showed that second-order interference between the two photons could occur with 100% visibility. In this paper both quantum and classical models are considered and the importance of the coincidence time window and the effect of the frequency correlation are shown. Calculations are presented for all settings of the interferometers. The EPR effect arises from entangled states; a brief discussion is given of the nature of the entangled state for this type of experiment.

Physical Review A•Jun 1, 1992•27 citations

Entanglement of states and quantum distributions in pulsed optical parametric oscillator

N. H. Adamyan, Gagik Yu. Kryuchkyan

The time-domain properties of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entangled states of light are studied by means of analysis of both the Wigner functions and variance of quadrature amplitudes of generated modes. As a source of EPR states a non-degenerate optical parametric oscillator is considered driven by a sequence of laser pulses with a Gaussian time envelope.

Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences)•Apr 1, 2008•1 citation

Quantum correlation of polarization of two-photon entangled state in type-II spontaneous parametric downconversion

Alexander V. Sergienko, Thomas E. Kiess, Y. H. Shih +2 more

Polarization correlation measurement of two-photon state generated in type-II spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) has been performed in a single input port beam splitter configuration. Two orthogonally polarized entangled photons with degenerate k vectors were directed to the single input port 50%-50% beam splitter. Polarization were measured with linear and circular polarization entangled state by the use of two polarization analyzers followed by two photon counting detectors. A strong correlation of polarization has been observed. The type of two-photon state generated in Type-II SPDC was tested. A strong dependence of the polarization correlation upon the spectral bandwidth of the detector spectral filter was found and a different correlation between linear and circular polarization entangled state were observed. It seems that the standard theoretical models for SPDC need to be improved in order to provide a comprehensive treatment for the result of the experiment.

Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1993•0 citations

Measurement of one-photon and two-photon wave packets in spontaneous parametric downconversion

Yoon-Ho Kim

One-photon and two-photon wave packets of entangled two-photon states in spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) fields are calculated and measured experimentally. For type II SPDC, measured one-photon and two-photon wave packets agree well with theory. For type I SPDC, the measured one-photon wave packet agrees with the theory. However, the two-photon wave packet is much bigger than the expected value, and the visibility of interference is low. We identify the sources of this discrepancy as the spatial filtering of the two-photon bandwidth and nonpair detection events caused by the detector apertures and the tuning-curve characteristics of the type I SPDC.

arXiv:quant-ph/0304181•Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Sep 1, 2003•35 citations

Time-gated Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlation

Nobuyuki Takei, Noriyuki Lee, Daiki Moriyama +2 more

We experimentally demonstrate the creation and characterization of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlation between optical beams in a time-gated fashion. The correlated beams are created with two independent continuous-wave optical parametric oscillators and a half beam splitter. We define the temporal modes using a square temporal filter with duration $T$ and make time-resolved measurements on the generated state. We observe correlations between the relevant conjugate variables in the temporal mode which correspond to EPR correlation. Our scheme is extendable to continuous-variable quantum teleportation of a non-Gaussian state defined in the time domain such as a superposition of coherent states.

arXiv:quant-ph/0607091•Physical Review A•Dec 15, 2006•43 citations
Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) correlations produced for two-photon entangled wave packets are analyzed by use of optical Wigner functions. In particular, type-II optical parametric downconversion systems are used, and the effects of the length of the crystal and the filter bandwidth on the Wigner functions are studied. The relation between the optical Wigner functions and the interference experiment with a beam splitter is studied. We find that, whereas in first-order correlation experiments (typified, for example, by Young’s interference experiment) the “photon interferes with itself” [ P. A. M. Dirac , The Principles of Quantum Mechanics (Clarendon, Oxford, UK, 1958), p. 9], in the EPR correlations the two-photon amplitude function interferes with itself. Such interference is analyzed by use of the optical Wigner functions.
After a very brief review of the historical Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) experiments, a new two-photon interference type EPR experiment is reported. A two-photon state was generated by optical parametric down conversion. Pairs of light quanta with degenerate frequency but divergent directions of propagation were sent to two independent Michelson interferometers. First and second order interference effectors were studied. Different than other reports, we observed that the second order interference visibility vanished when the optical path difference of the interferometers were much less than the coherence length of the pumping laser beam. However, we also observed that the second order interference behaved differently depending on whether the interferometers were set at equal or different optical path differences.
Models of a two-photon interference experiment proposed by Franson to study the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) effect are presented. The experiment considers a pair of photons correlated in time and in frequency, each of which is passed through an interferometer. When the path difference through the two interferometers is set so there is no first-order interference, Franson showed that second-order interference between the two photons could occur with 100% visibility. In this paper both quantum and classical models are considered and the importance of the coincidence time window and the effect of the frequency correlation are shown. Calculations are presented for all settings of the interferometers. The EPR effect arises from entangled states; a brief discussion is given of the nature of the entangled state for this type of experiment.
Polarization correlation measurement of two-photon state generated in type-II spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) has been performed in a single input port beam splitter configuration. Two orthogonally polarized entangled photons with degenerate k vectors were directed to the single input port 50%-50% beam splitter. Polarization were measured with linear and circular polarization entangled state by the use of two polarization analyzers followed by two photon counting detectors. A strong correlation of polarization has been observed. The type of two-photon state generated in Type-II SPDC was tested. A strong dependence of the polarization correlation upon the spectral bandwidth of the detector spectral filter was found and a different correlation between linear and circular polarization entangled state were observed. It seems that the standard theoretical models for SPDC need to be improved in order to provide a comprehensive treatment for the result of the experiment.
One-photon and two-photon wave packets of entangled two-photon states in spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) fields are calculated and measured experimentally. For type II SPDC, measured one-photon and two-photon wave packets agree well with theory. For type I SPDC, the measured one-photon wave packet agrees with the theory. However, the two-photon wave packet is much bigger than the expected value, and the visibility of interference is low. We identify the sources of this discrepancy as the spatial filtering of the two-photon bandwidth and nonpair detection events caused by the detector apertures and the tuning-curve characteristics of the type I SPDC.
We experimentally demonstrate the creation and characterization of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlation between optical beams in a time-gated fashion. The correlated beams are created with two independent continuous-wave optical parametric oscillators and a half beam splitter. We define the temporal modes using a square temporal filter with duration TTT and make time-resolved measurements on the generated state. We observe correlations between the relevant conjugate variables in the temporal mode which correspond to EPR correlation. Our scheme is extendable to continuous-variable quantum teleportation of a non-Gaussian state defined in the time domain such as a superposition of coherent states.