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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Stimulated emission in laser-pumped magnesium vapor

Paul D. Kleiber, A. M. Lyyra, Shawn P. Heneghan, W. C. Stwalley

Published Apr 1, 1985• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have observed stimulated emission on the transitions 43S1−33PJ° near 518 nm following pulsed laser excitation of Mg vapor near the 31S0−33P1° resonance at 285 nm. The emission has a divergence similar to the pump laser and closely follows the incident laser in time. The mechanism apparently involves pumping an accidental coincidence 31S0−33P1° and 33PJ°−53DJ, permitting depletion of the lower level of the triplet transition. Photoionization of the Mg vapor creates a large electron density (≲1013 cm−3); electron-impact collisions are presumed to mediate the process, transferring population from the laser-pumped 31P1° level to the triplet manifold.

DOI
10.1364/josab.2.000522

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Recently we reported the observation of stimulated emission in atomic copper vapor that is excited by a resonant tunable laser beam.1 One important result obtained in the experiment is that the two upper levels involved in the laser transitions of the atomic copper vapor are collisionally mixed in stimulated emission. This observation is particularly important for studies of high-pressure transverse-discharge copper vapor lasers. We conducted an optical pumping experiment to measure the collisional mixing cross sections (CMCSs) below the threshold of stimulated emission. We observed all four transitions: 2P1/2−2S1/2 (327.4 nm); 2P3/2−2S1/2 (324.8 nm); 2P1/2−2D3/2 (578.2 nm); and 2P3/2−2D5/2 (510.6 nm), when either one of the two levels 2P3/2,1/2 was excited. From the measurements of the intensities of the resonantly excited and sensitized fluorescences, we estimate the CMCSs Q34(2P1/2→2P3/2) and Q43(2P1/2←2P3/2) at 2 × 10−16 and 1.3 × 10-16 cm2 for Cu + Ne collisions, respectively. We also measured the linewidths of the optically pumped green and yellow lasers as a function of the buffer gas pressure and of detuning of the pump frequency. We observe that the linewidths change in an interesting way, which can be explained in terms of the gain narrowing.

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Chinese Physics Letters•Aug 1, 1985•1 citation
We have observed stimulated emission on the transitions 43S1−33PJ° near 518 nm following pulsed laser excitation of Mg vapor near the 31S0−33P1° resonance at 285 nm. The emission has a divergence similar to the pump laser and closely follows the incident laser in time. The mechanism apparently involves pumping an accidental coincidence 31S0−33P1° and 33PJ°−53DJ, permitting depletion of the lower level of the triplet transition. Photoionization of the Mg vapor creates a large electron density (≲1013 cm−3); electron-impact collisions are presumed to mediate the process, transferring population from the laser-pumped 31P1° level to the triplet manifold.
An anomalous resonant dip of two-photon ionisation with 3s3p 1 P as an intermediate state and a stimulated emission by the 3s4s 3 S-3s3p 3 P transition, at 518.37 nm following the pulsed laser excitation near the 3s 2 1 S-3s3p 1 P resonance at 285.21 nm in magnesium vapour are observed and studied. The mechanism of the ionisation dip is attributed to formation and predissociation of the A 1 Sigma + u Mg 2 dimer, which transfer the population from the laser-pumped 3s3p 1 P level to 3s3p 3 P levels. Re-excitation of the produced 3s3p 3 P atoms and the subsequent radiative processes are presumed to explain the generation of stimulated emission. A theoretical model is employed to interpret the experimental phenomena.
Recently we reported the observation of stimulated emission in atomic copper vapor that is excited by a resonant tunable laser beam.1 One important result obtained in the experiment is that the two upper levels involved in the laser transitions of the atomic copper vapor are collisionally mixed in stimulated emission. This observation is particularly important for studies of high-pressure transverse-discharge copper vapor lasers. We conducted an optical pumping experiment to measure the collisional mixing cross sections (CMCSs) below the threshold of stimulated emission. We observed all four transitions: 2P1/2−2S1/2 (327.4 nm); 2P3/2−2S1/2 (324.8 nm); 2P1/2−2D3/2 (578.2 nm); and 2P3/2−2D5/2 (510.6 nm), when either one of the two levels 2P3/2,1/2 was excited. From the measurements of the intensities of the resonantly excited and sensitized fluorescences, we estimate the CMCSs Q34(2P1/2→2P3/2) and Q43(2P1/2←2P3/2) at 2 × 10−16 and 1.3 × 10-16 cm2 for Cu + Ne collisions, respectively. We also measured the linewidths of the optically pumped green and yellow lasers as a function of the buffer gas pressure and of detuning of the pump frequency. We observe that the linewidths change in an interesting way, which can be explained in terms of the gain narrowing.
We have observed, for the first time to our knowledge, stimulated emission in atomic-copper vapor that is excited by a resonant tunable laser beam. One of the important and interesting results obtained in this experiment is that excitation of the (2)P(1/2) level of the copper atoms generates strong amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) for both(2)P(1/2)-(2)D(3/2) and (2)P(3/2)-(2)D(5/2) transitions. This is the first reported direct experimental evidence observed for collisional mixing between the (2)P(1/2) and (2)P(3/2) levels in a copper-vapor laser. Excitation of the (2)P(3/2) level induces substantially weaker ASE for the (2)P(1/2)-(2)D(3/2) transition. In addition, we observed collision-induced ASE for both transitions over a wide range of detuning of the pump frequency. The preliminary results of the experiment are presented, and the implications of the results for high-pressure copper-vapor lasers are discussed.
Laser excitation and ionization processes in dense (1–10 Torr) sodium vapor have been studied for laser wavelengths near the two-photon allowed nd 2D(n=3, 4, 5) and ns 2S(n=4, 5, 6) states. In particular, the 1 3Σ+g→1 3Σ+u excimer emission in Na2, predicted in 1980 by Konowalow and Julienne and observed recently by Dinev et al, was studied here in greater detail. Strong excimer emission (∼830 nm) was observed for two-photon pumping to both sides of the unresolved 4D states, and weak excimer emission was seen when pumping near the 5D levels. The excimer emission exhibits a complicated pump laser profile with a pronounced ‘‘dip’’ at the 4d 2D two-photon resonance. Similarly, [2+1] photon ionization via the 3d 2D and 4d 2D states shows a dramatic decrease as the sodium density increases. These results can be attributed either to depleted 3d 2D or 4d 2D population due to stimulated electronic Raman scattering (SERS) or to the interference effects recently reported by Malcuit et al. and Krasnikov et al. and treated theoretically by Manykin and Afanas’ev and by Agarwal. It is argued that both mechanisms are operative. Strong ionization and SERS signals were observed at the hybrid resonances corresponding to 3p 2P3/2, 1/2 →4d 2D transitions; however, no excimer lasing at 830 nm was detected. No excimer emission was detected upon two-photon pumping near or at the 3d 2D or ns 2S(n=4, 5, 6) states. Based on these and other observations, the 1 3Σ+g→1 3Σ+u excimer emission is attributed to a molecular Raman process involving stimulated emission or six-wave mixing via a pathway of the type 1 3Σ+u→2hν 3Δu→ j 3Πg→(k 3Πu, l 3Σ +u)→1 3Σ+g→1 3Σ +u .
Laser excitation and ionization processes in dense (1--10 Torr) sodium vapor have been studied for laser wavelengths near the two-photon allowed nd /sup 2/D(n = 3, 4, 5) and ns /sup 2/S(n = 4, 5, 6) states. In particular, the 1 /sup 3//Sigma//sup +//sub g//yields/1 /sup 3//Sigma//sup +//sub u/ excimer emission in Na/sub 2/, predicted in 1980 by Konowalow and Julienne and observed recently by Dinev et al, was studied here in greater detail. Strong excimer emission (/similar to/30 nm) was observed for two-photon pumping to both sides of the unresolved 4D states, and weak excimer emission was seen when pumping near the 5D levels. The excimer emission exhibits a complicated pump laser profile with a pronounced ''dip'' at the 4d /sup 2/D two-photon resonance. Similarly, (2+1) photon ionization via the 3d /sup 2/D and 4d /sup 2/D states shows a dramatic decrease as the sodium density increases. These results can be attributed either to depleted 3d /sup 2/D or 4d /sup 2/D population due to stimulated electronic Raman scattering (SERS) or to the interference effects recently reported by Malcuit et al. and Krasnikov et al. and treated theoretically by Manykin and Afanas'ev and by Agarwal. It is argued thatmore » both mechanisms are operative.« less