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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

Optical molasses: cold atoms for precision measurements

William D. Phillips, Paul D. Lett, S. L. Rolston, Carol E. Tanner, Richard N. Watts, Christoph Ira Westbrook, Ch Salomon, Jean Dalibard, Andr  Clairon, Saïda Guellati-Khélifa

Published Apr 1, 1991• 6 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/tim.1990.1032887

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Preparation of the optical molasses is one of the key steps for developing a fountain clock.The optical molasses is loaded from a slow atomic beam,and the fluorescence collection method is applied to determine the number of atoms in the optical molasses,meanwhile the time-of-flight(TOF) method is used to measure the temperature of the optical molasses.The number of cold atoms in the optical molasses for loading time of 200 ms is determined to be(8.14±0.2)×107,and the temperature of cold atoms is determined to be(10.72±0.69) μK.
We measured the intensity correlation of true thermal light scattered from cold atoms in an optical molasses. Using a single-mode fiber as a transverse mode filter, measurement with maximally high spatial coherence was realized, allowing us to observe ideal photon bunching with unprecedented precision. The measured intensity correlation functions showed a definite bimodal structure with fast damped oscillation from the maximum value of 2.02(3) and slow monotonic decay toward unity. The oscillation can be understood as an interference between elastic and inelastic scattering fields in resonance fluorescence.