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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Probe beam amplification and phase conjugation self-oscillation in a Kerr medium

I. C. Khoo, Y. Zhao

Published Mar 1, 1989• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In a highly-nonlinear thin Ker medium, the intersection of a strong pump beam and a much weaker probe beam produces a sizeable diffracted beam whose presence changes both the transmitted probe beam gain and the phase conjugation self-oscillation thresholds. An analytical calculation of these effects involving degenerate multiwave mixing processes is presented.>

DOI
10.1109/3.18551

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In a highly-nonlinear thin Ker medium, the intersection of a strong pump beam and a much weaker probe beam produces a sizeable diffracted beam whose presence changes both the transmitted probe beam gain and the phase conjugation self-oscillation thresholds. An analytical calculation of these effects involving degenerate multiwave mixing processes is presented.>
Recent experimental observation of large probe beam gain at moderate laser power in a Kerrlike nonlinear medium demonstrated the possibility of constructing a self-pump ring oscillator and phase conjugator. We present a detailed theory, based on experimental parameters, of the working principles of such multiwave mixing mediated devices. The theory accounts for the side diffractions, which are responsible for probe beam gain in a Kerrlike medium, and other relevant parameters such as noise, loss, phase modulation, intensity dependences, etc.
The effects of side diffractions, generated from the interaction of a weak probe beam and its phase conjugate with two strong counterpropagating pump waves, and the effect of various intensity-dependent self- and mutual-phase modulations on the intensities of the probe beam and its phase conjugate are analytically studied in the nonpump-depletion limit. The results show that the conditions for the existence of, and threshold pump intensity parameters for, the divergence in the intensities of the probe and other generated beams are highly dependent on the wave-mixing angles and are different from the usual four-wave mixing phase conjugation process where the diffractions are not taken into account.>
We report several recently observed optical wave mixing effects in thin films of nonlinear materials, such as liquid crystals and silicon. Kerrlike local and nonlocal and diffusive nonlinear resonses are studied. The presence of the diffracted beam is, theoretically and experimentally, shown to have a pronounced effect on the amplification of the probe beam in pump–probe wave mixing. The diffracted beam also drastically alters the phase conjugation reflection of the probe beam, phase conjugation self-oscillation threshold, and aberration correction characteristics.
The theory of probe beam amplification via degenerate optical wave mixing in a Kerr medium is presented. This theory includes consideration of the self-phase modulation, two-wave mixing, and multiwave mixing terms in the coupled-wave equations. Both analytical solutions, under the assumptions of a nondepleted pump beam and a transparent Kerr medium, and numerical solutions with these assumptions removed are presented. Our solutions show that under certain conditions, phase matching can be satisfied and a high probe beam gain is possible, even for a zero phase shift between the refractive index and the intensity gratings.
Further theoretical observations and a new analysis of stationary degenerate and nearly degenerate optical wave mixing effects in a Kerr-like nonlinear medium are presented. The effects of phase modulations, beam ratio, intensity, wave mixing angle and frequency differences and other physical and optical parameters in multiwave mixing mediated probe gain and their application in ring oscillation devices are analyzed in detail. New experimental studies of the intensity and the angular dependence of the probe beam amplification and side diffractions in liquid crystal provide further insights into the phenomena.
In a highly nonlinear thin film, the presence of the diffracted beams from the pump-probe-beam-induced refractive-index grating modifies considerably the energy coupling between the pump and the probe beams. Using coupled amplitude and phase equations, the roles of various factors such as phases and phase shifts, phase modulations, pump-beam intensity, intensity ratio, interaction length, and losses in the medium in the multiwave-mixing processes are clearly identified. We also present experimental results on the dependence of the probe gain on the pump-probe-beam ratio, the pump intensity, and on the interaction length, using a nematic liquid-crystal film as the nonlinear medium.