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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Magnetic behavior of atoms in gray optical lattices

Jeffrey R. Guest, Boon-Keng Kevin Teo, Natalya V. Morrow, Georg A. Raithel

Published May 1, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The magnetization and lifetimes of atoms in gray optical lattices exhibit modulations as functions of an applied B field that are attributed to tunneling resonances between neighboring lattice wells. Expanding on previous observations, we show how these modulations depend on well depth, and we derive spin temperatures for the system. A band-structure-based model and quantum Monte Carlo wave-function simulations are used to explain these results. We predict subrecoil structures in the velocity distributions; these structures undergo systematic variations when the applied magnetic field is varied. Dramatically different behaviors for bosonic and fermionic spin systems are found and explained.

DOI
10.1364/josab.20.000942

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The magnetization and lifetimes of atoms in gray optical lattices exhibit modulations as functions of an applied B field that are attributed to tunneling resonances between neighboring lattice wells. Expanding on previous observations, we show how these modulations depend on well depth, and we derive spin temperatures for the system. A band-structure-based model and quantum Monte Carlo wave-function simulations are used to explain these results. We predict subrecoil structures in the velocity distributions; these structures undergo systematic variations when the applied magnetic field is varied. Dramatically different behaviors for bosonic and fermionic spin systems are found and explained.
We study magnetic field-induced modifications of the well-to-well tunneling behavior of atoms in a one-dimensional grey optical lattice. Measurements of the tunneling frequency as a function of the applied magnetic field reveal several tunneling resonances. We further show that the tunneling signal can be suppressed by randomly varying the symmetry of the potential wells. The tunneling is suppressed most effectively if the autocorrelation time of the lattice-well variation is on the order of the tunneling time. Experimental and theoretical results are in good agreement.
We present a theoretical investigation of the temperature and of the magnetization of atoms in one-dimensional ``gray'' optical lattices. Such lattices consist of counterpropagating beams having crossed linear polarizations, tuned on the blue side of a J\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J or a J\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J-1 transition, and a static longitudinal magnetic field. The variation of the atomic temperature with the magnetic field recently observed (an increase at low magnetic field; a decrease towards an asymptotic value at high magnetic field) is found for any atomic transition admitting one or two uncoupled states. This change of behavior of the temperature results from a qualitative change of the cooling mechanism and is correlated with a transition from paramagnetism to antiparamagnetism in the optical lattice. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
We show, experimentally and using quantum Monte Carlo simulations, that the quasithermal paramagnetic behavior of cesium atoms in a one-dimensional $\mathrm{lin}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}\mathrm{lin}$ optical lattice is characterized by a spin temperature of twice the zero-field kinetic temperature. The magnetization is maximum and almost perfect when the Zeeman shift of the extreme magnetic sublevels approximately equals half the maximum light shift. The lifetime of magnetization and the laser-cooling time constant are found to be clearly distinct, the magnetization decay time amounting to at least three times the cooling time. Using simulations we find that the magnetic-dipole correlation time is approximately proportional to the angular momentum FFF of the atoms, while cooling and energy correlation time constants are approximately independent of F.F.F. Our results imply that for large FFF laser cooling within single light-shift potential wells (local cooling) occurs.