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International Conference on Laser and Fiber-Optical Networks Modeling

All-optical TDM multiplexers/demultiplexers with buffer stack memory

George V. Sinitsyn, A. V. Lyakhnovich, Sergey P. Apanasevich

Published Jun 22, 2004• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Buffering of the data is widely used in input/output ports of active node devices (routers, switches) in networks with electronic form of signal representation. One of specific features of optical communications systems and networks consists in the fact that it is rather difficult to realize in them storing of the data for any arbitrary time interval. Usually there is only an opportunity to use fixed short-term delay of light signals in special delay lines. In the present contribution an example of all-optical active network device is presented which is free of the specified drawback and performs the functions of switching and a temporary data storage. Operation of the device is based on the use of phenomena of optical hysteresis and transverse effects in optical bistability (OB). As model bistable medium for breadboarding components of the proposed device nonlinear thin-film semiconductor Fabry-Perot interferometers (TFI) on the basis of ZnS are considered. Functionality of multiplexers/demultiplexers (M/DM) in the nodes of optical communication lines and networks can be increased if the M/DM is supplemented with the buffer memory which stores the data packets received for the period when their headers are analyzed and decisions are made about their further addressing.

DOI
10.1109/lfnm.2003.1246148

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Buffering of the data is widely used in input/output ports of active node devices (routers, switches) in networks with electronic form of signal representation. One of specific features of optical communications systems and networks consists in the fact that it is rather difficult to realize in them storing of the data for any arbitrary time interval. Usually there is only an opportunity to use fixed short-term delay of light signals in special delay lines. In the present contribution an example of all-optical active network device is presented which is free of the specified drawback and performs the functions of switching and a temporary data storage. Operation of the device is based on the use of phenomena of optical hysteresis and transverse effects in optical bistability (OB). As model bistable medium for breadboarding components of the proposed device nonlinear thin-film semiconductor Fabry-Perot interferometers (TFI) on the basis of ZnS are considered. Functionality of multiplexers/demultiplexers (M/DM) in the nodes of optical communication lines and networks can be increased if the M/DM is supplemented with the buffer memory which stores the data packets received for the period when their headers are analyzed and decisions are made about their further addressing.
The phenomenon of optical bistability (OB), including the so-called transverse effects in distributed OB-systems, offers additional opportunities for development of new architecture designs in optical systems of information processing and communications. In particular, this contribution deals with a class of all-optical multiplexers/demultiplexers (MDM) for data redirecting and processing in the nodes of fiber-optical communication channels and networks. Their specific features are dynamic connection remapping and the possibility of applying WDM/DWDM techniques. As switching elements optically nonlinear and bistable thin-film Fabry-Perot interferometers (TFI) are used. Thus the developed MDM are capable of operating at several wavelengths that correspond to the carrier frequency set of working bands of WDM/DWDM systems.
An all-optical telecommunications network requires all-optical routers. These routers would be able to process optical signals directly, without the transformation to the electrical domain. Thus, optical routers have the potential to accelerate telecommunications, i.e. to enhance the data rate and to minimize the latency times. Furthermore, since the double transformation at each network node can be omitted, they could be able to reduce the energy consumption of telecommunications. Key elements of optical routers are optical buffers, which are able to store the optical packets prior to processing in order to avoid congestion. Therefore, many different concepts for the realization of optical buffers have been presented so far. Most of these can just store or delay on-off keyed (OOK) signals. However, in optical telecommunications advanced modulation formats will be increasingly used because they are able to improve the transmission properties and to take advantage of the capacity of optical fibers. Thus, advanced modulation formats can drastically increase the transmissible data rates. Most of these advanced formats modulate the carrier’s phase or are a combination of amplitude and phase modulation. Here the storage of amplitude and phase modulated data packets with the so called quasi-light-storage (QLS) method will be shown. The QLS relies on the time-bandwidth coherence of each signal. Thus, as long as the sampling theorem in the frequency domain is not violated, a distortion-free storage of optical data packets with a delay-bandwidth product (DBP) of several thousand bits is possible. Here we will discuss the applicability of the QLS method to advanced modulation formats and we show experimental results of the tunable alloptical storage of OOK modulated signals with a DBP of 160 bit and the storage of phase shift keyed signals with a DBP of 60 bits.
The possibility of using bistable nonlinear Fabry–Perot interferometers as wide-band data transparent all-optical spatial switches has been investigated. It has been shown that three such devices, switching between transmitting and reflecting states, can form a 1×4 optical routing network: controlled purely by coded header pulses, preceding the data stream. The prospects for developing the performance of switches of this type towards the level required in practical telecommunications systems are discussed.
Today's telecommunication is based on optical packets which transmit the information in optical fiber networks around the world. Currently, the processing of the signals is done in the electrical domain. Direct storage in the optical domain would avoid the transfer of the packets to the electrical and back to the optical domain in every network node and, therefore, increase the speed and possibly reduce the energy consumption of telecommunications. However, light consists of photons which propagate with the speed of light in vacuum. Thus, the storage of light is a big challenge. There exist some methods to slow down the speed of the light, or to store it in excitations of a medium. However, these methods cannot be used for the storage of optical data packets used in telecommunications networks. Here we show how the time-frequency-coherence, which holds for every signal and therefore for optical packets as well, can be exploited to build an optical memory. We will review the background and show in detail and through examples, how a frequency comb can be used for the copying of an optical packet which enters the memory. One of these time domain copies is then extracted from the memory by a time domain switch. We will show this method for intensity as well as for phase modulated signals.
Today's telecommunication is based on optical packets which transmit the information in optical fiber networks around the world. Currently, the processing of the signals is done in the electrical domain. Direct storage in the optical domain would avoid the transfer of the packets to the electrical and back to the optical domain in every network node and, therefore, increase the speed and possibly reduce the energy consumption of telecommunications. However, light consists of photons which propagate with the speed of light in vacuum. Thus, the storage of light is a big challenge. There exist some methods to slow down the speed of the light, or to store it in excitations of a medium. However, these methods cannot be used for the storage of optical data packets used in telecommunications networks. Here we show how the time-frequency-coherence, which holds for every signal and therefore for optical packets as well, can be exploited to build an optical memory. We will review the background and show in detail and through examples, how a frequency comb can be used for the copying of an optical packet which enters the memory. One of these time domain copies is then extracted from the memory by a time domain switch. We will show this method for intensity as well as for phase modulated signals.