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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Light-controlled multichannel switches on the basis of nonlinear interferometers for optical communication lines and networks

Andrei M. Goncharenko, George V. Sinitsyn, Andrey V. Lyakhnovich, Sergey P. Apanasevich, Mikhail A. Khodasevich, A. V. Kazberuk, Yury A. Varaksa, A. V. Burak, V. A. Klinouski

Published Sep 24, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Several types of switches based on optically bistable (OB) thin Fabry-Perot interferometers are reviewed. Applications for time-division multiplexing are proposed and demonstrated experimentally using both separate OB pixels and those coupled by transverse effects in arrays of various types. Compatibility with modern WDM/DWDM fiber optical networks is discussed.

DOI
10.1117/12.583473

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Several types of switches based on optically bistable (OB) thin Fabry-Perot interferometers are reviewed. Applications for time-division multiplexing are proposed and demonstrated experimentally using both separate OB pixels and those coupled by transverse effects in arrays of various types. Compatibility with modern WDM/DWDM fiber optical networks is discussed.
The phenomenon of optical bistability (OB), including the so-called transverse effects in distributed OB-systems, offers additional opportunities for development of new architecture designs in optical systems of information processing and communications. In particular, this contribution deals with a class of all-optical multiplexers/demultiplexers (MDM) for data redirecting and processing in the nodes of fiber-optical communication channels and networks. Their specific features are dynamic connection remapping and the possibility of applying WDM/DWDM techniques. As switching elements optically nonlinear and bistable thin-film Fabry-Perot interferometers (TFI) are used. Thus the developed MDM are capable of operating at several wavelengths that correspond to the carrier frequency set of working bands of WDM/DWDM systems.
The possibility of using bistable nonlinear Fabry–Perot interferometers as wide-band data transparent all-optical spatial switches has been investigated. It has been shown that three such devices, switching between transmitting and reflecting states, can form a 1×4 optical routing network: controlled purely by coded header pulses, preceding the data stream. The prospects for developing the performance of switches of this type towards the level required in practical telecommunications systems are discussed.
Buffering of the data is widely used in input/output ports of active node devices (routers, switches) in networks with electronic form of signal representation. One of specific features of optical communications systems and networks consists in the fact that it is rather difficult to realize in them storing of the data for any arbitrary time interval. Usually there is only an opportunity to use fixed short-term delay of light signals in special delay lines. In the present contribution an example of all-optical active network device is presented which is free of the specified drawback and performs the functions of switching and a temporary data storage. Operation of the device is based on the use of phenomena of optical hysteresis and transverse effects in optical bistability (OB). As model bistable medium for breadboarding components of the proposed device nonlinear thin-film semiconductor Fabry-Perot interferometers (TFI) on the basis of ZnS are considered. Functionality of multiplexers/demultiplexers (M/DM) in the nodes of optical communication lines and networks can be increased if the M/DM is supplemented with the buffer memory which stores the data packets received for the period when their headers are analyzed and decisions are made about their further addressing.
The evolution of switching wave fronts in thin-layer bistable Fabry-Perot interferometers with a specified topology of the transverse distribution of the optical thickness of an intermediate layer is studied. The conditions of passage of switching waves through the boundary between regions with different thicknesses and of tunneling of waves through a barrier of a variable thickness and width formed by two such boundaries are determined by numerical modeling. The possibilities of the formation of planar waveguide channels, regions of retardation and acceleration of the motion of switching waves, and points of the splitting and joining of their fronts are demonstrated, as well as the possibility of creating planar structures on this basis that can perform optical logic operations.
This report summarizes the results of an investigation of several different types of optically activated light switches based on third-order nonlinear optical effects. Two optical switches utilizing the change of refractive index induced in a nonlinear medium by an intense light beam are described: one utilizes a single-pass and the other a multiple-pass (interferometric) geometry. Results of a search to find new media with large nonlinearities are given, and the possibility of increasing the nonlinearity of commonly used media by Raman-type resonant enhancement is discussed. The theoretical and experimental behavior of Fabry-Perot interferometer switch with a nonlinearly absorbing intracavity medium is also presented. In some cases, the switch could be activated by anomalously low pump powers, and possible mechanisms for this effect are discussed. The results of a literature search on the photorefractive effect are presented along with the results of an experimental effort to measure the photorefractive effect in Ge:SiO2. (Author)