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Nature Nanotechnology

Dispersion forces between ultracold atoms and a carbon nanotube

Philipp Schneeweiß, M. Gierling, G. Vişănescu, Dieter P. Kern, T. E. Judd, Andreas Günther, József Fortágh

Published Jun 17, 2012• 35 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1038/nnano.2012.93

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We investigate the possibility of trapping ultracold 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms near the outside of a metallic carbon nanotube, which we imagine using as a miniaturized current-carrying wire. We calculate atomic spin-flip lifetimes and compare the strength of the Casimir-Polder potential with the magnetic trapping potential. Our analysis indicates that the Casimir-Polder force is the dominant loss mechanism, and we compute the minimum distance to the carbon nanotube at which the atoms can be trapped to be larger than 100nm100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}100nm.
We develop a new theory of an optical force exerted on a carbon nanotube (CNT) with a nonlocal conductivity. The optical force is expressed in terms of the surface current density and the axial electric field on the CNT surface. To determine these quantities, we employ an integral-equation-based approach in terms of the current density. The analysis is constructed for a finite-length cylindrical CNT by rigorously accounting for edge effects. In addition to numerical solutions of the integral equation, we obtain an approximate analytical expression for the optical force acting on the CNT, which shows good agreement with numerical simulations. We also demonstrate the existence of some frequency ranges in which the optical force becomes negative, corresponding to the optical pulling effect. Such a pulling behavior is shown to originate from the nonlocality of the conductivity and to vanish in the local limit. This work advances theoretical understanding of optomechanical interactions in finite-length low-dimensional conductors and clarifies the role of spatial dispersion in the emergence of optical pulling forces.
Atom-surface dispersion has become a subject of studies involving the process of efficient trapping and manipulating ultracold alkali atoms, Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) near the carbon nanotubes (CNT). Known as Casimir-Polder (CP) interaction, it has been approximated as analytical expression using Hamaker's approach of pairwise summation (PWS) by summing up every contribution imposed by ground state BEC treated as single atom over densely packed atoms inside CNT. At larger atom-surface distances, the CP interaction is found to be strikingly weaker on a cylindrical shell compared to a solid cylinder, with this weakening increasing further as the alkali atoms become much lighter. We examine how these results will be beneficial to BEC experiment especially when cold atoms are magnetically or optically trapped above a relatively few microns-distance CNT atom chip, fabricated as a pristine graphene and sustained under high vacuum conditions.