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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Pulse-width-dependent subluminal and superluminal propagation in highly doped erbium fibers

Francisco Arrieta-Yáñez, E. Cabrera, José Miguel Ezquerro, Óscar G. Calderón, Sonia Melle

Published Apr 19, 2011• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally and theoretically study the propagation of a 1536 nm light pulse superposed on a continuous wave background in a highly doped erbium fiber pumped at 977 nm. We observe a transition from subluminal to superluminal propagation with the pulse bandwidth. Furthermore, an improvement of the pulse delay and pulse distortion when increasing the pulse peak and keeping constant the background power is reported. These results are due to the relation between the pump-broadened transparency hole (induced by the coherent population oscillations) and the competition between gain and absorption along the fiber.

DOI
10.1364/josab.28.001172

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We experimentally and theoretically study the propagation of a 1536 nm light pulse superposed on a continuous wave background in a highly doped erbium fiber pumped at 977 nm. We observe a transition from subluminal to superluminal propagation with the pulse bandwidth. Furthermore, an improvement of the pulse delay and pulse distortion when increasing the pulse peak and keeping constant the background power is reported. These results are due to the relation between the pump-broadened transparency hole (induced by the coherent population oscillations) and the competition between gain and absorption along the fiber.
We analyze the propagation regime of an amplitude-modulated 1536nm1536\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}1536nm signal when traveling along a highly doped erbium fiber pumped at 977nm977\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}977nm as a function of the fiber length. A propagation-induced transition from superluminal to subluminal propagation takes place along the fiber length which allows a change in regime solely based upon increasing the signal modulation frequency. This peculiar behavior is due to the interplay between pump absorption and pump-power broadening of the spectral hole induced by coherent population oscillations. The effect of ion density on this frequency-dependent regime change has been investigated.
We observe both extremely slow and superluminal pulse propagation speeds at room temperature in an erbium-doped fiber (EDF). A signal at 1550 nm is sent through an erbium-doped fiber with varying powers of a 980 nm pump. The degree of signal delay or advancement is found to depend significantly on the pump intensity. We observe a maximum fractional advancement of 0.124 and a maximum fractional delay of 0.089. The effect is demonstrated both for a sinusoidally modulated signal and for Gaussian pulses. The ability to control the sign and magnitude of the pulse velocity could have important implications for applications in photonics.
According to the analysis of gain theory, the absorption or gain of medium depends on pump power. The coherent population oscillation leads the pulse to experience absorption saturation and propagation delay in a medium with absorption. This effect induces the pulse to experience gain saturation and propagation advance in a medium with gain. Making use of the transition rate equation of metastable state poplation, we develop the model of fast light in erbium-doped optical fiber and obtain the analytic expression of time advance. We demonstrate that there is a saturation effect of fast light in low frequency region, but the fast light is enhanced with pump power increasing in high frequency region.