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Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (ACSSC)

Superconducting Analog-to-Digital Conversion for RF All-Digital Receiver Applications

Shön Sloat, H.J. Whitehouse

Published Mar 22, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/acssc.2005.1599990

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Wireless applications would be less expensive, more flexible, and more robust if they had more digital and less analog circuitry. The problem is implementing digital signal processing at radio frequencies. Conventional data converters (ADCs and DACs) and digital circuits are simply not fast enough. However, superconductors can provide ultra fast mixed signal and digital circuits with the linearity and dynamic range required for true direct, digital-RF processing. These superconducting circuits are digital ICs based on Josephson junctions and "rapid-single-flux-quantum" logic (RSFQ), where switching speeds up to 750 GHz have been demonstrated enabling true digital-RF architecture at clock speeds eventually up to 160 GHz. This permits direct conversion between analog RF and digital baseband signals, replacing frequency and protocol-specific analog hardware with flexible digital processors. Data conversion in high frequency wireless applications at frequencies up to 50 GHz will soon become practical. Hypres recently delivered a HF-VHF all digital RF receiver (ADR) prototype to ONR. Testing of this ADR has demonstrated the superior performance of superconducting ICs in cryocooled systems. A US Navy laboratory is now evaluating the world's first complete prototype digital RF receiver capable of direct digitization from DC to 2 GHz
Wireless applications would be less expensive, more flexible, and more robust if they had more digital and less analog circuitry. The problem is implementing digital signal processing at radio frequencies. Conventional data converters (ADCs and DACs) and digital circuits are simply not fast enough, especially at SATCOM frequencies. However, superconductors can provide ultra fast mixed signal and digital circuits with the linearity and dynamic range required for true direct, digital-RF processing. These superconducting circuits are digital ICs based on Josephson junctions and "rapid-single-flux-quantum" logic (RSFQ), where simple circuit switching speeds up to 750 GHz have been demonstrated. This permits direct conversion between analog RF and digital baseband signals, replacing frequency and protocol-specific analog hardware with flexible digital processors. HYPRES recently developed and delivered an X-band All Digital RF Receiver (XADR) prototype system for the US Army CERDEC and PM DCATS. The concept of this ADR is to replace the entire analog RF receive chain between the antenna and the baseband demodulator with a high performance digital RF equivalent. The first XADR prototype system has been successfully demonstrated at the Joint SATCOM engineering Center (JSEC). End to end link testing, over the satellite has been successfully completed using an existing AN/GSC-39 X-band earth terminal, an XTAR satellite, the X-band ADR and a SATCOM modem.
We have demonstrated the full operation of digital RF receivers on a HYPRES-designed cryostat, which couples an Nb-based superconducting Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) chip to a commercially available 100 mW 4 Kelvin Gifford-McMahon cryocooler. A field demonstration of digitization of a satellite-received signal at 7.7 GHz is described. The digital receiver chip is a 1 cm×1 cm chip comprising ∼11,000 Josephson junctions (JJ). The measured cryogenic thermal and magnetic environments of the chip are discussed and their impact on performance. Reception and direct digital conversion of real signals in the HF-, VHF-, and X-bands including signals from military satellite antennae shows the potential of this system to replace large and power-hungry multiple analog receivers.