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Globecom

Secure Joint Source-Channel Coding for Quasi-Static Fading Channels

Tony Q. S. Quek, Kiran T. Gowda, Hyundong Shin

Published Nov 1, 2009• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Joint source-channel coding has been shown to yield optimal end-to-end performance in terms of overall expected distortion for quasi-static fading channels. Due to the inherent broadcast nature of the wireless medium, wireless communications are susceptible to eavesdropping. Thus, it is unclear how imposing additional secrecy constraint on the system will affect the end-to-end performance of the joint source-channel coding. In this paper, we consider the information theoretic secure source transmission in a classical three node wiretap channel, consisting of a source node, a destination node, and a wiretapper node. In the high signal-to-noise ratio regime, we quantify the cost of providing secure transmissions through secrecy outage probability and secrecy distortion exponent. Our results show that with the additional secrecy constraint, there exists a lower bound on the bandwidth expansion factor, below which perfect secrecy is impossible. Moreover, this lower bound on bandwidth expansion factor depends on the type of layered source transmission strategy used. In summary, this work indicates that source-channel coding strategies as well as the level of secrecy need to be carefully designed in order to maximize the secrecy distortion exponent.

DOI
10.1109/glocom.2009.5425556

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Joint source-channel coding has been shown to yield optimal end-to-end performance in terms of overall expected distortion for quasi-static fading channels. Due to the inherent broadcast nature of the wireless medium, wireless communications are susceptible to eavesdropping. Thus, it is unclear how imposing additional secrecy constraint on the system will affect the end-to-end performance of the joint source-channel coding. In this paper, we consider the information theoretic secure source transmission in a classical three node wiretap channel, consisting of a source node, a destination node, and a wiretapper node. In the high signal-to-noise ratio regime, we quantify the cost of providing secure transmissions through secrecy outage probability and secrecy distortion exponent. Our results show that with the additional secrecy constraint, there exists a lower bound on the bandwidth expansion factor, below which perfect secrecy is impossible. Moreover, this lower bound on bandwidth expansion factor depends on the type of layered source transmission strategy used. In summary, this work indicates that source-channel coding strategies as well as the level of secrecy need to be carefully designed in order to maximize the secrecy distortion exponent.
We consider the transmission of confidential data over wireless channels with multiple communicating parties. Based on an information-theoretic problem formulation in which two legitimate partners communicate over a quasi-static fading channel and an eavesdropper observes their transmissions through another independent quasi-static fading channel, we define the secrecy capacity in terms of outage probability and provide a complete characterization of the maximum transmission rate at which the eavesdropper is unable to decode any information. In sharp contrast with known results for Gaussian wiretap channels (without feedback), our contribution shows that in the presence of fading information-theoretic security is achievable even when the eavesdropper has a better average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than the legitimate receiver - fading thus turns out to be a friend and not a foe.
In this two-part paper, we consider the transmission of confidential data over wireless wiretap channels. The first part presents an information-theoretic problem formulation in which two legitimate partners communicate over a quasi-static fading channel and an eavesdropper observes their transmissions through another independent quasi-static fading channel. We define the secrecy capacity in terms of outage probability and provide a complete characterization of the maximum transmission rate at which the eavesdropper is unable to decode any information. In sharp contrast with known results for Gaussian wiretap channels (without feedback), our contribution shows that in the presence of fading information-theoretic security is achievable even when the eavesdropper has a better average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than the legitimate receiver - fading thus turns out to be a friend and not a foe. The issue of imperfect channel state information is also addressed. Practical schemes for wireless information-theoretic security are presented in Part II, which in some cases comes close to the secrecy capacity limits given in this paper.
Wireless secrecy under dual correlated Rician fading environments is theoretically studied for correlated source-destination and source-wiretapper channels. Without considering wiretapper active jamming capability, expressions for: 1) the ergodic secrecy capacity when the wiretapper is active and 2) secrecy outage probability when the wiretapper is passive are obtained. To further improve system security, new secrecy analyses employing an adaptive encoder with ON/OFF transmission are also given. The new findings exactly reduce to existing findings under dual correlated Rayleigh fading and advance theoretical developments for wireless secrecy under dual correlated Rician fading. Monte Carlo simulation results are given, which match theoretical predictions. Under wireless secrecy context, the disadvantage of line-of-sight (LoS) power and channel correlation is evidently shown, revealing the non-usefulness of LoS power and establishing a tradeoff between the transmission security and the transmission success. Benefits of a high-average transmit signal-to-noise ratio are discussed.
Theoretical studies on physical layer security often adopt the secrecy outage probability as the performance metric for wireless communications over quasi-static fading channels. The secrecy outage probability has two limitations from a practical point of view: 1) it does not give any insight into the eavesdropper's decodability of confidential messages and 2) it cannot characterize the amount of information leakage to the eavesdropper when an outage occurs. Motivated by the limitations of the secrecy outage probability, we propose three new secrecy metrics for secure transmissions over quasi-static fading channels. The first metric establishes a link between the concept of secrecy outage and the decodability of messages at the eavesdropper. The second metric provides an error-probability-based secrecy metric which is typically used for the practical implementation of secure wireless systems. The third metric characterizes how much or how fast the confidential information is leaked to the eavesdropper. We show that the proposed secrecy metrics collectively give a more comprehensive understanding of physical layer security over fading channels and enable one to appropriately design secure communication systems with different views on how secrecy is measured.
Theoretical studies on physical layer security often adopt the secrecy outage probability as the performance metric for wireless communications over quasi-static fading channels. The secrecy outage probability has two limitations from a practical point of view: 1) it does not give any insight into the eavesdropper's decodability of confidential messages and 2) it cannot characterize the amount of information leakage to the eavesdropper when an outage occurs. Motivated by the limitations of the secrecy outage probability, we propose three new secrecy metrics for secure transmissions over quasi-static fading channels. The first metric establishes a link between the concept of secrecy outage and the decodability of messages at the eavesdropper. The second metric provides an error-probability-based secrecy metric which is typically used for the practical implementation of secure wireless systems. The third metric characterizes how much or how fast the confidential information is leaked to the eavesdropper. We show that the proposed secrecy metrics collectively give a more comprehensive understanding of physical layer security over fading channels and enable one to appropriately design secure communication systems with different views on how secrecy is measured.
For secure communications over wireless fading channels, the secrecy outage probability is widely used as the performance measure. However, the current secrecy outage formulation has two major limitations in evaluating the secrecy performance: a) the amount of information leakage to the eavesdropper cannot be characterized when an outage occurs, b) the current formulation does not give insights into the eavesdropper's decodability of confidential messages. To overcome such limitations and obtain in-depth understanding of secrecy performance over wireless fading channels, this paper proposes three new secrecy measures for different practical aims, namely, 1) generalized secrecy outage probability, 2) asymptotic lower bound on eavesdropper's decoding error probability, and 3) average information leakage rate. A specific example of wireless transmissions with a fixed-rate wiretap code is given to illustrate the use of the proposed secrecy measures.