Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

Asymptotic optimality of the GMD and Chase decoding algorithms

Yuansheng Tang, Toru Fujiwara, Tadao Kasami

Published Aug 1, 2002• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The generalized minimum distance (GMD) and Chase (1972) decoding algorithms are some of the most important suboptimum bounded distance decoding algorithms for binary linear block codes over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. We compute the limitation of the ratio between the probability of decoding error for the GMD or any one of the Chase decoding algorithms and that of the maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approaches infinity. If the minimum Hamming distance of the code is greater than 2, the limitation is shown to be equal to 1 and thus the GMD and Chase decoding algorithms are asymptotically optimum.

DOI
10.1109/tit.2002.800484

Related papers

Generalization of chase algorithms for soft decision decoding of binary linear codes

Nandakumar Nityananda Tendolkar, Carlos R. P. Hartmann

Soft decision decoding of binary linear block codes transmitted over the additive white Gaussian channel (AWGN) using antipodal signaling is considered. A set of decoding algorithms called generalized Chase algorithms is proposed. In contrast to Chase algorithms, which require a\lfloor (d- 1)/2 \rfloorbinary error-correcting decoder for decoding a binary linear block code of minimum distanced, the generalized Chase algorithms can use a binary decoder that can correct less than\lfloor ( d - 1)/2 \rfloorhard errors. The Chase algorithms are particular cases of the generalized Chase algorithms. The performance of all proposed algorithms is asymptotically optimum for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Simulation results for the(47, 23)quadratic residue code indicate that even for low SNR the performance level of a maximum likelihood decoder can be approached by a relatively simple decoding procedure.

IEEE Transactions on Information Theory•Sep 1, 1984•29 citations

Asymptotically optimum soft decision decoding

Nandakumar Nityananda Tendolkar

This dissertation develops a set of new algorithms for soft decision decoding of binary linear block codes. The performance (i.e. the probability of error) of these algorithms is asymptotically optimum for high signal-to-noise ratio for binary linear block codes transmitted over the additive white gaussian (AWGN) channel using antipodal signalling. Among the algorithms proposed are the generalized Chase algorithms. In contrast to Chase algorithms, which require a {(d-1)/2} hard error-correcting decoder for decoding a binary linear block code of minimum distance d, the generalized Chase algorithms can use a binary decoder that can correct less than {(d-1)/2} hard errors. The Chase algorithms are particular cases of the generalized Chase algorithms. Modified generalized Chase algorithm 2 and 3 are proposed for codes that have an overall parity check. These algorithms use fewer test patterns than the generalized Chase algorithms and they also have asymptotically optimum performance for high signal-to-noise ratio. The erasure information decoding algorithm of Tanaka and Kakigahara is generalized so that any hard decoder that corrects only up to t errors, 0 (LESSTHEQ) t (LESSTHEQ) {(d-1)/2} can be used to obtain asymptotically optimal performance for high signal-to-noise ratio. The modified erasure information decoding algorithm is proposed for codes that have an overall parity check. The modified erasure information decoding algorithm requires fewer test patterns than the erasure information decoding algorithm and its performance is also asymptotically optimum for high signal-to-noise ratio. The algorithms proposed by Dorsch and, Baumert and McEliece are analyzed to determine the conditions under which their performance would be asymptotically optimum for high signal-to-noise ratio. Simulation results for the (47,23) Quadratic Residue code are shown to demonstrate the performance of the algorithms. The results indicate that even for low signal-to-noise ratio the performance of a maximum likelihood decoder can be approached by a relatively simple decoding procedure.

•Jan 1, 1983•1 citation

A Note on Limited-Trial Chase-Like Algorithms Achieving Bounded-Distance Decoding

Yuansheng Tang, Xinmei Huang

For the decoding of a binary linear block code of minimal Hamming distancedover additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels, a soft-decision decoder achieves bounded-distance (BD) decoding if its squared error-correction radius is equal tod. A Chase-like algorithm outputs the best (most likely) codeword in a list of candidates generated by a conventional algebraic binary decoder in a few trials. It is of interest to design Chase-like algorithms that achieve BD decoding with as least trials as possible. In this paper, we show that Chase-like algorithms can achieve BD decoding with onlyO(d1/2+epsiv) trials for any given positive numberepsiv.

IEEE Transactions on Information Theory•Feb 26, 2009•3 citations

Geometrical and performance analysis of GMD and Chase decoding algorithms

Eran Fishler, Ofer Amrani, Yair Be'ery

The overall number of nearest neighbors in bounded distance decoding (BDD) algorithms is given by N/sub 0,eff/=N/sub 0/+N/sub BDD/. Where NBDD denotes the number of additional, non-codeword, neighbors that are generated during the (suboptimal) decoding process. We identify and enumerate the nearest neighbors associated with the original generalized minimum distance (GMD) and Chase (1972) decoding algorithms. After careful examination of the decision regions of these algorithms, we derive an approximated probability ratio between the error contribution of a noncodeword neighbor (one of N/sub BDD/ points) and a codeword nearest neighbor. For Chase algorithm 1 it is shown that the contribution to the error probability of a noncodeword nearest neighbor is a factor of 2/sup d-1/ less than the contribution of a codeword, while for Chase algorithm 2 the factor is 2/sup [d/2]-1/, d being the minimum Hamming distance of the code. For Chase algorithm 3 and GMD, a recursive procedure for calculating this ratio, which turns out to be nonexponential in d, is presented. This procedure can also be used for specifically identifying the error patterns associated with Chase algorithm 3 and GMD. Utilizing the probability ratio, we propose an improved approximated upper bound on the probability of error based on the union bound approach. Simulation results are given to demonstrate and support the analytical derivations.

IEEE Transactions on Information Theory•Jul 1, 1999•10 citations

A bounded-distance decoding algorithm for binary linear block codes achieving the minimum effective error coefficient

Ba-Zhong Shen, Kenneth K. Tzeng, Chun Wang

A new bounded-distance (BD) decoding algorithm is presented for binary linear (n, k, d) block codes on additive white Gaussian noise channels. The algorithm is based on the generalized minimum distance (GMD) decoding algorithm of Forney (1989) using the acceptance criterion of Taipale and Pursley (GMD/TP) proposed in 1991. It is shown that the GMD/TP decoding algorithm is a BD decoding algorithm with effective error coefficient (/sup n//sub d/). It is also shown that the decision regions of GMD/TP are good inner approximations of those of full GMD decoding, and therefore full GMD decoding is BD and has an effective error coefficient that is well approximated by (/sup n//sub d/). Moreover, by adding a d-erasure-correction step to GMD decoding, the effective error coefficient can be reduced to A/sub d/, the number of minimum-weight codewords, which is the same as the effective error coefficient of maximum-likelihood decoding. The decoding algorithm is mainly based on algebraic errors-and-erasures decoding and therefore has polynomial rather than exponential complexity.

IEEE Transactions on Information Theory•Jan 1, 1996•15 citations

On the reliability-order-based decoding algorithms for binary linear block codes

Yuansheng Tang, San Ling, Fang‐Wei Fu

In this correspondence, we consider the decoding of binary block codes over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) signaling. By a reliability-order-based decoding algorithm (ROBDA), we mean a soft-decision decoding algorithm which decodes to the best (most likely) codeword of the form that is the sum of the hard-decision tuple and an error pattern in a set determined only by the order of the reliabilities of the hard decisions. Examples of ROBDAs include many well-known decoding algorithms, such as the generalized-minimum-distance (GMD) decoding algorithm, Chase decoding algorithms, and the reliability-based decoding algorithms proposed by Fossorier and Lin. It is known that the squared error-correction-radii of ROBDAs can be computed from the minimal squared Euclidean distances (MSEDs) between the all-one sequence and the polyhedra corresponding to the error patterns. For the computation of such MSEDs, we give a new method which is more compact than the one proposed by Fossorier and Lin. These results are further used to show that any bounded-distance ROBDA is asymptotically optimal: The ratio between the probability of decoding error of a bounded-distance ROBDA and that of the maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding approaches 1 when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approaches infinity, provided that the minimum Hamming distance of the code is greater than 2.

IEEE Transactions on Information Theory•Dec 28, 2005•8 citations
The generalized minimum distance (GMD) and Chase (1972) decoding algorithms are some of the most important suboptimum bounded distance decoding algorithms for binary linear block codes over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. We compute the limitation of the ratio between the probability of decoding error for the GMD or any one of the Chase decoding algorithms and that of the maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approaches infinity. If the minimum Hamming distance of the code is greater than 2, the limitation is shown to be equal to 1 and thus the GMD and Chase decoding algorithms are asymptotically optimum.
Soft decision decoding of binary linear block codes transmitted over the additive white Gaussian channel (AWGN) using antipodal signaling is considered. A set of decoding algorithms called generalized Chase algorithms is proposed. In contrast to Chase algorithms, which require a\lfloor (d- 1)/2 \rfloorbinary error-correcting decoder for decoding a binary linear block code of minimum distanced, the generalized Chase algorithms can use a binary decoder that can correct less than\lfloor ( d - 1)/2 \rfloorhard errors. The Chase algorithms are particular cases of the generalized Chase algorithms. The performance of all proposed algorithms is asymptotically optimum for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Simulation results for the(47, 23)quadratic residue code indicate that even for low SNR the performance level of a maximum likelihood decoder can be approached by a relatively simple decoding procedure.
This dissertation develops a set of new algorithms for soft decision decoding of binary linear block codes. The performance (i.e. the probability of error) of these algorithms is asymptotically optimum for high signal-to-noise ratio for binary linear block codes transmitted over the additive white gaussian (AWGN) channel using antipodal signalling. Among the algorithms proposed are the generalized Chase algorithms. In contrast to Chase algorithms, which require a {(d-1)/2} hard error-correcting decoder for decoding a binary linear block code of minimum distance d, the generalized Chase algorithms can use a binary decoder that can correct less than {(d-1)/2} hard errors. The Chase algorithms are particular cases of the generalized Chase algorithms. Modified generalized Chase algorithm 2 and 3 are proposed for codes that have an overall parity check. These algorithms use fewer test patterns than the generalized Chase algorithms and they also have asymptotically optimum performance for high signal-to-noise ratio. The erasure information decoding algorithm of Tanaka and Kakigahara is generalized so that any hard decoder that corrects only up to t errors, 0 (LESSTHEQ) t (LESSTHEQ) {(d-1)/2} can be used to obtain asymptotically optimal performance for high signal-to-noise ratio. The modified erasure information decoding algorithm is proposed for codes that have an overall parity check. The modified erasure information decoding algorithm requires fewer test patterns than the erasure information decoding algorithm and its performance is also asymptotically optimum for high signal-to-noise ratio. The algorithms proposed by Dorsch and, Baumert and McEliece are analyzed to determine the conditions under which their performance would be asymptotically optimum for high signal-to-noise ratio. Simulation results for the (47,23) Quadratic Residue code are shown to demonstrate the performance of the algorithms. The results indicate that even for low signal-to-noise ratio the performance of a maximum likelihood decoder can be approached by a relatively simple decoding procedure.
For the decoding of a binary linear block code of minimal Hamming distancedover additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels, a soft-decision decoder achieves bounded-distance (BD) decoding if its squared error-correction radius is equal tod. A Chase-like algorithm outputs the best (most likely) codeword in a list of candidates generated by a conventional algebraic binary decoder in a few trials. It is of interest to design Chase-like algorithms that achieve BD decoding with as least trials as possible. In this paper, we show that Chase-like algorithms can achieve BD decoding with onlyO(d1/2+epsiv) trials for any given positive numberepsiv.
The overall number of nearest neighbors in bounded distance decoding (BDD) algorithms is given by N/sub 0,eff/=N/sub 0/+N/sub BDD/. Where NBDD denotes the number of additional, non-codeword, neighbors that are generated during the (suboptimal) decoding process. We identify and enumerate the nearest neighbors associated with the original generalized minimum distance (GMD) and Chase (1972) decoding algorithms. After careful examination of the decision regions of these algorithms, we derive an approximated probability ratio between the error contribution of a noncodeword neighbor (one of N/sub BDD/ points) and a codeword nearest neighbor. For Chase algorithm 1 it is shown that the contribution to the error probability of a noncodeword nearest neighbor is a factor of 2/sup d-1/ less than the contribution of a codeword, while for Chase algorithm 2 the factor is 2/sup [d/2]-1/, d being the minimum Hamming distance of the code. For Chase algorithm 3 and GMD, a recursive procedure for calculating this ratio, which turns out to be nonexponential in d, is presented. This procedure can also be used for specifically identifying the error patterns associated with Chase algorithm 3 and GMD. Utilizing the probability ratio, we propose an improved approximated upper bound on the probability of error based on the union bound approach. Simulation results are given to demonstrate and support the analytical derivations.
A new bounded-distance (BD) decoding algorithm is presented for binary linear (n, k, d) block codes on additive white Gaussian noise channels. The algorithm is based on the generalized minimum distance (GMD) decoding algorithm of Forney (1989) using the acceptance criterion of Taipale and Pursley (GMD/TP) proposed in 1991. It is shown that the GMD/TP decoding algorithm is a BD decoding algorithm with effective error coefficient (/sup n//sub d/). It is also shown that the decision regions of GMD/TP are good inner approximations of those of full GMD decoding, and therefore full GMD decoding is BD and has an effective error coefficient that is well approximated by (/sup n//sub d/). Moreover, by adding a d-erasure-correction step to GMD decoding, the effective error coefficient can be reduced to A/sub d/, the number of minimum-weight codewords, which is the same as the effective error coefficient of maximum-likelihood decoding. The decoding algorithm is mainly based on algebraic errors-and-erasures decoding and therefore has polynomial rather than exponential complexity.
In this correspondence, we consider the decoding of binary block codes over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) signaling. By a reliability-order-based decoding algorithm (ROBDA), we mean a soft-decision decoding algorithm which decodes to the best (most likely) codeword of the form that is the sum of the hard-decision tuple and an error pattern in a set determined only by the order of the reliabilities of the hard decisions. Examples of ROBDAs include many well-known decoding algorithms, such as the generalized-minimum-distance (GMD) decoding algorithm, Chase decoding algorithms, and the reliability-based decoding algorithms proposed by Fossorier and Lin. It is known that the squared error-correction-radii of ROBDAs can be computed from the minimal squared Euclidean distances (MSEDs) between the all-one sequence and the polyhedra corresponding to the error patterns. For the computation of such MSEDs, we give a new method which is more compact than the one proposed by Fossorier and Lin. These results are further used to show that any bounded-distance ROBDA is asymptotically optimal: The ratio between the probability of decoding error of a bounded-distance ROBDA and that of the maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding approaches 1 when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approaches infinity, provided that the minimum Hamming distance of the code is greater than 2.