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Progress of Theoretical Physics

Quantum Field Theory of Fermions and Parafermions Constructed from Quantum Bose Fields. II: A Remark on the Observables

Andrés J. Kálnay, Enrique Mac Cotrina

Published Jan 1, 1976• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Bose representation of physical variables corresponding to a Fermi system was shown in a previous paper. However, as Bose operators they had a very unorthodox appearance. In the present paper we show that the Bose representation of such Fermi variables can be put into the usual forms of boson variables. One part of the results is extended to para-Fermi statistics.

DOI
10.1143/ptp.55.297

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Quantum Field Theory of Fermions and Parafermions Constructed from Quantum Bose Fields. I: Simplification and Generalization

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Operators

FRANCESCO IACHELLO, P. Van Isacker

Introduction In many cases in physics, one has to deal simultaneously with collective and single-particle excitations of the system. The collective excitations are usually bosonic in nature while the single-particle excitations are often fermionic. One is therefore led to consider a system which includes bosons and fermions. In this book we discuss applications of a general algebraic theory of mixed Bose- Fermi systems to atomic nuclei. The collective degrees of freedom here can be described in terms of a system of interacting bosons as discussed in a previous book (Iachello and Arima, 1987), henceforth referred to as Volume 1. The single-particle degrees of freedom represent the motion of individual nucleons in the average nuclear field. They are described in terms of a system of interacting fermions. The coupling of fermions and bosons leads to the interacting boson-fermion model which has been used extensively in recent years to discuss the properties of nuclei with an odd number of nucleons. The interacting boson-fermion model was introduced by Arima and one of us in 1975 (Arima and Iachello, 1975). It was subsequently expanded by Iachello and Scholten (1979) and cast into a form more readily amenable to calculations. As in the corresponding case of even-mass systems, the algebra of creation and annihilation operators can be realized in several ways. One of these is the Hoistein-Primakoff realization which leads to a slightly different version of the interacting boson-fermion model called the truncated quadrupole phonon-fermion model (Paar, 1980; Paar and Brant, 1981), based on the boson realization introduced by Janssen, Jolos and Donau in 1974 and discussed in Sect. 1.4.6 of Volume 1.

Cambridge University Press eBooks•Aug 30, 1991•0 citations
The Bose representation of physical variables corresponding to a Fermi system was shown in a previous paper. However, as Bose operators they had a very unorthodox appearance. In the present paper we show that the Bose representation of such Fermi variables can be put into the usual forms of boson variables. One part of the results is extended to para-Fermi statistics.
In previous papers a Bose representation of fermions and parafermions was constructed in such a way that (1) the only fundamental quantum fields were Bose fields and (2) no property of the Fermi or para-Fermi systems (as e.g., the Pauli principle for fermions) be lost. The use of that construction and also the proofs of the theorems were made difficult by the complexity of many of the mathematical expressions we used previously. In the present paper we simplify much the above-mentioned construction. Moreover no results (concerning the Bose representation) proved in the previous papers are lost in the present reformulation, but all results are more general: In the previous papers we made the construction of the Bose representation of fermions for the case of pure Fock representations of Quantum Field Theory. The present work is consistent with Fock as well as with non-Fock representations of the Fermi anticommutation relations.
The mathematical methods that have been used to analyze the statistical properties of boson fields, and in particular the coherence of photons in quantum optics, have their counterparts for Fermi fields. The coherent states, the displacement operators, the P representation, and the other operator expansions all possess surprisingly close fermionic analogues. These methods for describing the statistical properties of fermions are based upon a practical calculus of anticommuting variables. They are used to calculate correlation functions and counting distributions for general systems of fermions.
Introduction In many cases in physics, one has to deal simultaneously with collective and single-particle excitations of the system. The collective excitations are usually bosonic in nature while the single-particle excitations are often fermionic. One is therefore led to consider a system which includes bosons and fermions. In this book we discuss applications of a general algebraic theory of mixed Bose- Fermi systems to atomic nuclei. The collective degrees of freedom here can be described in terms of a system of interacting bosons as discussed in a previous book (Iachello and Arima, 1987), henceforth referred to as Volume 1. The single-particle degrees of freedom represent the motion of individual nucleons in the average nuclear field. They are described in terms of a system of interacting fermions. The coupling of fermions and bosons leads to the interacting boson-fermion model which has been used extensively in recent years to discuss the properties of nuclei with an odd number of nucleons. The interacting boson-fermion model was introduced by Arima and one of us in 1975 (Arima and Iachello, 1975). It was subsequently expanded by Iachello and Scholten (1979) and cast into a form more readily amenable to calculations. As in the corresponding case of even-mass systems, the algebra of creation and annihilation operators can be realized in several ways. One of these is the Hoistein-Primakoff realization which leads to a slightly different version of the interacting boson-fermion model called the truncated quadrupole phonon-fermion model (Paar, 1980; Paar and Brant, 1981), based on the boson realization introduced by Janssen, Jolos and Donau in 1974 and discussed in Sect. 1.4.6 of Volume 1.