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Optics Letters

Self-induced coherent oscillations with photorefractive Bi_12SiO_20 amplifier

Henri J. Rajbenbach, Jean‐Pierre Huignard

Published Mar 1, 1985• 123 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report coherent oscillations due to self-induced moving gratings in photorefractive BSO crystals when recording with an external applied field. Different types of ring and phase-conjugate resonators pumped with low-incident- intensity beams and having short response times are demonstrated. The conditions permitting oscillation and the respective frequencies of the pump and the signal beams in the cavity are analyzed.

DOI
10.1364/ol.10.000137

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Optics Letters•Feb 1, 1992•21 citations
We report coherent oscillations due to self-induced moving gratings in photorefractive BSO crystals when recording with an external applied field. Different types of ring and phase-conjugate resonators pumped with low-incident- intensity beams and having short response times are demonstrated. The conditions permitting oscillation and the respective frequencies of the pump and the signal beams in the cavity are analyzed.
We report our observations of optical bistabilities and hysteresis1 in photorefractive passive phase conjugate resonators with BaTiO3, caused by grating erasure effects between two resonators in three different configurations. Bistable oscillations have been observed between two semilinear oscillators, two ring resonators, and also between a ring and a semilinear resonator. In the experimental arrangement used for bistability studies, a single-mode argon ion laser beam (4880 Å) entered the crystal in a face appropriate for self-pumped phase conjugation. However, the orientation is kept in such a way that no self-pumped phase conjugation is observable if none of the resonators is in operation. In this geometry, bistability and hysteresis were observed in the signal intensity of one resonator as the reflectivity of the variable beam reflector in the second resonator was increased and then decreased in a cycle. Bistability was also seen in the signal intensity of a single resonator as a function of the reflectivity of the external mirror.
We report on experimental and theoretical studies of a photorefractive ring resonator pumped by a 1.06 \ensuremath{\mu}m beam and injected with a weak, external, seeding beam. The competition between the two dominant gratings that form inside the photorefractive crystal leads to characteristic periodic oscillations in the intensity of the resonating beam, which originate from the frequency difference between the pump beam and the unidirectional oscillation beam. We show that such a system can be treated as a driven nonlinear oscillator.
The effects of linear absorption on the degenerate and nondegenerate self-oscillation of a photorefractive phase-conjugate mirror under condition of anisotropic four-wave mixing are considered. The phase conjugation results from nonlinear mixing of two strong undepleted orthogonally polarized counterpropagating pump waves with a probe wave. We consider two types of situation for orthogonally polarized pump beams corresponding to two crystal families: one such as the Bi12SiO20 crystal family (sillenite family) and the other such as the BaTiO3 and strontium barium niobate crystal family. In both of these crystal families the degenerate and nondegenerate self-oscillations are shown to occur in the presence of linear absorption, which tends to increase the value of the coupling coefficient required for self-oscillation. Numerical results are presented that exhibit various features of degenerate and nondegenerate self-oscillation in both crystal families for different values of the phase ϕb of the backward grating.
Steady-state coherent oscillation in the ring-loop and double-side mirror geometries is first observed and studied in media with local nonlinear response. The results of calculation are presented stating that the oscillation becomes possible providing two necessary conditions are met: the oscillation waves appear 1) misaligned with respect to strictly backward to pumps directions to restore the phase matching, and 2) they are shifted in frequency with respect to the pump waves. By appropriate choice of frequencies of two incident waves in double-side mirror geometry one of oscillating waves may be done a perfect conjugate replica of an input wave with limited spatial spectrum.
We investigate the bistable and multistable response of the phase conjugate reflectivity (PCR) for the case of a linear photorefractive (PR) oscillator in presence of the moving grating operation. Numerical evaluation of stable multiple solutions of the PCR shows enhancement, bistable, multistable and self-oscillating behaviours with respect to the control parameters like the frequency-shift (Ω) due to grating motion, reflectivities (M 1 and M 2) of cavity mirrors, the coupling strength (of complex gL and real g 0 L values) and the PR phase shift (φPR). If the different branches are assumed to be stable, multistable but isolated branching behaviour with an increased PCR can be predicted. Results are interpreted physically by considering the competitions between (i) the strengths of two moving transmission gratings that arise from A1–A4 (forward oscillating pump-incident) and A2–A3 (backward oscillating pump-phase conjugate) interferences and (ii) the applied frequency detuning that causes the gratings to move and the self-induced cavity detuning that appears when the gratings are stationary. Numerical evidence of the results is presented graphically.