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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

Proposal to Produce Coupled Resonator-Induced Transparency and Bistability Using Microresonator Enhanced Mach–Zehnder Interferometer

Ying Lu, Lijuan Xu, Meiling Shu, Peng Wang, Jianquan Yao

Published Mar 13, 2008• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a microresonator scheme for a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which a microresonator is side coupled to one arm and the other is inserted in the other arm, to produce coupled resonator-induced transparency (CRIT) and absorption (CRIA) effects. In this system, CRIT and CRIA effects with one effect next to another over a frequency range when two microresonators are identical and Fano-resonance line shape when the sizes of two microresonators are unequal are achieved. We also theoretically investigate the improving optical bistability characteristic based on CRIT.

DOI
10.1109/lpt.2008.918886

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This paper presents theoretical studies on the ring-bus-ring (RBR) resonator system, which consist of two resonators indirectly coupled through a center waveguide between them. By controlling the intercavity interaction and engineering the phase response through incorporation of RBR with Mach-Zehnder interferometer, we show that it is possible to generate a spectrum resembling electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), which is qualitatively different compared to other existing EIT schemes. The transparency becomes sharper as the coupling strength between resonators is increased, with the background spectrum significantly reduced as a result of additional phase shift from indirect coupling. In addition, the EIT-like spectrum is generated out of low-finesse resonators, in contrast with existing EIT schemes where the resonator's finesse is required to be high. Comparisons with finite-difference-time-domain simulation show fairly a good agreement with analytical formulations.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Dec 8, 2010•50 citations
We propose a microresonator scheme for a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which a microresonator is side coupled to one arm and the other is inserted in the other arm, to produce coupled resonator-induced transparency (CRIT) and absorption (CRIA) effects. In this system, CRIT and CRIA effects with one effect next to another over a frequency range when two microresonators are identical and Fano-resonance line shape when the sizes of two microresonators are unequal are achieved. We also theoretically investigate the improving optical bistability characteristic based on CRIT.
We propose a simple microresonator scheme for a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which a microresonator is side coupled to one arm and a phase shifter is introduced into the other arm, to produce an asymmetric Fano-resonance line shape. In this system, a phase shifter is used to control the variation of the asymmetric line shape, with another reverse resonance next to a resonance minimum over a very narrow frequency range, which results from the interference between a direct channel and a high-Q resonance indirect channel. We also theoretically investigate the novel bistability characteristic based on these shapes.
Electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption in atomic systems have applications such as slow-light generation. Coupled-resonator-induced transparency (CRIT) and absorption (CRIA) are the optical analogy to them. Here we theoretically and experimentally study CRIT and CRIA in two directly coupled whispering-gallery-mode microresonators. The theoretical results give conditions for observing CRIT and CRIA, and predict that a transition between them will happen if we change the coupling strength between the two microresonators or the coupling strength between the fiber taper and the first microresonator. The experimental results demonstrate the transitions between CRIT and CRIA using a microsphere coupled to a sausagelike microresonator. The obtained results give some guidelines to observe CRIT and CRIA.
We look into the use of the intracavity backscattering in twin-coupled traveling wave microresonators (TWMRs) to generate enhanced coupled-resonator-induced transparency (CRIT) and optical Fano resonance (OFR). Intracavity backscattering makes it possible to either generate a single CRIT peak or a pair of CRIT peaks within one free spectral range in the transmission spectrum. The distance between the twin-CRIT peaks can be tuned by controlling the intracavity backscattering strength. Also, the use of intracavity backscattering allows the simultaneous production of both fast and slow light effects. In addition, it is found that the symmetric CRIT peaks can be reshaped into asymmetric OFR line shapes either by using TWMRs with different intracavity backscattering strengths when one input is launched into the circuit or by modulating the phase/amplitude difference between the dual contrapropagating inputs, which are launched into the circuit in the presence of intracavity backscattering. These allow switching between CRIT and OFR to be realized in the absence of gain or phase tuning elements in the cavities, unlike conventional twin-coupled TWMR systems.
We report, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, a technique that employs ′cross-coupling structure’ in the cascaded microring resonators (MRRs) to bring new optical analogues of quantum coherence phenomena. The new configuration resembles a standard double resonator (SDR) but uses cross-coupled–based directional couplers (DCs) instead of the typical direct-coupled–based DCs. One of its unique features is that it does not exhibit the typical SDR’s signature quantum coherence analogue effects like coupled-resonator induced transparency (CRIT) or coupled-resonator induced absorption (CRIA). On the contrary, it produces a new very narrow reflection dip positioned at single-pass phase shift θ = − π/2 which we refer to as cross-coupled resonator induced shifted absorption (CRISA). We compare extensively CRISA’s characteristics with the CRIT, CRIA, and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) found in SDR. The technique opens up new configurations with richer optical behaviours that could find potentially still unexplored applications.
A microring resonator consists of a ring side-coupled to a bus waveguide, where the light exchange is achieved by means of evanescent coupling mechanism.It is a strong candidate for integrated optics due to its advantage of compact size, cascadable input/output ports, and the compatibility of CMOS fabrication.The microring resonator can be used to create many interesting phenomena that are difficult to obtain in other classical configurations.This thesis focuses on the theoretical analysis and experimental realization of induced transparency in optical devices derived from ring resonators.In this thesis, I propose a ring-bus-ring Mach-Zehnder interferometer (RBRMZI) system based on a 3×3 coupler, and show that such a system can generate an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like spectrum via phase engineering facilitated by interpathways interference between RBR and MZI, instead of separate light interaction in two resonators alone.Both the transfer matrix formalism and the temporal coupled mode theory are investigated to model this induced transparency.The relationship between the two theories is obtained via the energy-conservation and Q-factors.In addition, the EIT-like spectrum in the RBRMZI is experimentally realized using silicon-oninsulator technology.The best RBRMZI device has a transparency with a bandwidth of 0.25nm, a free spectral range of 12nm and a Q-factor of ~6300.With further measurements of the devices having strong ring-bus coupling, we obtain a Q~18000 when the circumference of one ring is 43.4μm and the circumference of the other ring is slightly detuned by ~0.035%.Moreover, we achieve a roundtrip loss as small as ~0.5% of the input energy.The measurement results agree well with theoretical prediction and 2D-FDTD numerical calculations.
This paper presents theoretical studies on the ring-bus-ring (RBR) resonator system, which consist of two resonators indirectly coupled through a center waveguide between them. By controlling the intercavity interaction and engineering the phase response through incorporation of RBR with Mach-Zehnder interferometer, we show that it is possible to generate a spectrum resembling electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), which is qualitatively different compared to other existing EIT schemes. The transparency becomes sharper as the coupling strength between resonators is increased, with the background spectrum significantly reduced as a result of additional phase shift from indirect coupling. In addition, the EIT-like spectrum is generated out of low-finesse resonators, in contrast with existing EIT schemes where the resonator's finesse is required to be high. Comparisons with finite-difference-time-domain simulation show fairly a good agreement with analytical formulations.